Download Principles of Modern Biology I: Bio 190

Biology I (H)
NAME:_____________________________ _______
Study Guide: CH 4 STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF CELLS
E. S. Gustafson
PERIOD: ____
SECTION 4-1: INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL
What distinguishes living things from all other matter?
Define cell.
DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
What made the discovery of the cell possible?
What scientist is credited with the discovery of the cell? __________________________________
What is the term “cell” derived from?
What scientist is credited with observing the first living cells? ___________________________________
Write the three tenets of the cell theory.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Briefly discuss the evidence for the cell theory provided by Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow.
CELL DIVERSITY
How many different kinds of cells are found in the human body? ____________
What size are most plant & animal cells? _______________
What limits cell size?
Calculate the surface area, volume, & surface area to volume ratio of a cube-shaped cell measuring 2.5 mm
per side. (Show your work.)
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What happens to the surface area to volume ratio as cells grow larger? How does this affect the ability of
cells to survive?
Describe the shapes of the human cell types listed below & discuss how their shape reflects their function.
nerve cell –
skin cell –
white blood cell –
What is an organelle?
Where is the cell membrane located?
What large organelle is usually located near the center of a typical eukaryotic cell? ___________________
Distinguish between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells.
SECTION 4-2: PARTS OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
List the three main components of a typical eukaryotic cell.
(1)
(2)
(3)
CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE; PLASMALEMMA)
Describe why the cell membrane is considered selectively permeable.
Name the two primary components of any membrane: _______________________________________
Describe the structure of a membrane phospholipid.
Explain the structure & function of a lipid bilayer.
Label the “head” & “tail” portions of the phospholipids
in the illustration at right & identify the hydrophobic &
hydrophilic regions.
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What other types of lipids are found in cell membranes? _________________________
Distinguish between peripheral & integral proteins in cell membranes.
What class of compounds may be attached to membrane proteins &/or phospholipids? What is their
function?
What important role do membrane proteins play in cell survival?
Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.
ORGANELLES
Describe the location of the cell’s cytoplasm.
What is the relationship between the cytosol & the cytoplasm?
Give a brief description of the structure & function of the following organelles found in most cells:
(Hint: a sketch may be helpful.)
mitochondria (sing.: mitochondrion) –
Label the illustration at right.
ribosome(s) –
endoplasmic reticulum:
rough ER –
smooth ER –
Golgi apparatus (plural: apparati) –
lysosomes –
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cytoskeleton:
microfilaments –
microtubules –
spindle fibers (tubules) –
cilia (sing: cilium) –
flagella (sing: flagellum) –
NUCLEUS
Give a brief description of the structure & function of the following parts of the nucleus:
nuclear envelope –
nuclear matrix –
nuclear pores –
chromatin –
chromosomes –
nucleoli (sing.: nucleolus) –
PLANT CELLS
Describe the structure & function of the cell wall.
Describe the structure & function of vacuoles.
Describe the structure & function of plastids.
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Discuss the structure & function of chloroplasts. What important biological process occurs in these
organelles? Label the illustration at below.
Label the diagrams below using these terms: nucleus; cell membrane; chloroplast; mitochondrion;
central vacuole; rough ER; smooth ER; vacuole; Golgi apparatus; nucleus; nucleolus; nuclear
envelope; cell wall. Some labels will be used on both diagrams. Identify which cell is a plant cell &
which is an animal cell.
SECTION 4-3: MULTICELLULAR ORGANIZATION
TISSUES, ORGANS, & ORGAN SYSTEMS
Describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, & organ systems.
Describe a typical colonial organism & provide an example.
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