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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells
2.1 Characteristics of Cells:
Key Terms
Textbook p. 47, 51 (RE green workbook p. 25-27)
1. _____________--the basic unit of living things; the smallest unit that can carry out
all of the functions of life
2. _______________________________________--the first person to observe living cells, he
made a simple microscope in the mid-1600s
3. __________________________________--the scientist that discovered and named cells
in 1665 (English)
4.________________ _______________ —a scientific theory which states that:
a. all living things are made of one or more cells,
b. the cell is the basic unit of organization (structure and function) of all living things,
c. all cells come from other living cells
2.2 Cell Structures:
Textbook p. 38-45 (RE pp.19-24)
1. _____________ ____________________--the outer layer of a cell which controls the
movement of dissolved molecules into and out of the cell
2. ____________________________-- a thick gel-like substance that surrounds and supports
the organelles inside the cell
3. What are the two types of cells?
a. _____________________--cells without a nucleus (ex. bacteria)
b. _____________________--cells with a nucleus (ex. protists, fungi, plants, & animals)
4. ________________________ -- structures inside a eukaryotic cell
5. ___________________________---organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and
contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA
6. ___________________ __________________ (or envelope)-- the structure that surrounds
the nucleus and controls what goes into or out of the nucleus
7. ______________ --structures inside the nucleus that store genetic information, which is
information passed on from one generation to the next
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells
Key Terms
8. _________________________ -- the powerhouse of the cell which releases energy from
food (where cellular respiration takes place)
9. ______________________-- organelles that produce proteins
10. ____________________ ____________________-- a system of membranes and sacs that
can move materials from one part of the cell to another; can be rough (with attached
ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes)
11. ______________ ______________ (apparatus) -- a system of membranes which changes,
supports, and packages the proteins to be stored in the cell or secreted out of the cell
12. ____________________ -- organelles that digest organic compounds and old organelles
13. ____________________-- a saclike structure that stores water or wastes (Tbk p. 43)
14. _____________ _____________-- rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the
cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria
15. ____________________ -- organelles which use the energy from the sun to make food for
plants; green, chlorophyll-containing, plant cell organelle that uses light energy to
produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water
Moving Cellular Materials Textbook pp. 74-80 (RE pp. 40-44)
3 types of passive transport
3 types of active transport
__________________
_________________________
__________________
_________________________
__________________
_________________________
Gas Exchange: O2 ________________
H2O ______________
CO2 ________________ _______________________
16. _______________ _____________________-- material that allows some substances to pass
through, while not allowing other substances to pass through
17. _______________ _______________________--a process in which materials are transported
across the cell membrane without using energy
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells
Key Terms
18. _______________________-- when particles move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
19. ________________________________--when the concentration of a substance is the same
inside and outside of the cell
20. __________________-- the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
21. __________________ _________________--when transport proteins (in the cell membrane)
help molecules that are too large to diffuse normally pass through the cell membrane
22. active transport by transport proteins
23. _________________ __________________-- when a cell uses energy to move materials into
areas where they are more concentrated
24. ___________________________-- when the cell membrane forms a fold or a pocket (called
a vesicle) around large particles to get them into a cell
25. ______________________ -- when a cell removes large materials by vesicles that carry the
materials to the cell membrane
Cell Processes Textbook pp. 81-85, 241, 300-309 (RE pp. 45-50, 121-122, 147-152)
26. __________________________ -- the process where plants use light energy from the Sun
to make food
27. _______________________ _________________________--the process where glucose is
broken down to release energy
28. ____________________________-- the process where cells obtain energy from glucose
without oxygen; there are two types:
a. ____________ _____________fermentation-- occurs in muscle cells after strenuous
activity; the waste products are _____________ _____________ and _______________
_________________________.
b. _____________________ fermentation-- occurs in yeast and some other unicellular
organisms that break down sugars; the waste products are _____________ and
_____________ ______________________.
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