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Transcript
A tour of the Cell Chapter 6 Cell theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of function and structure in living things All cells come from pre-existing cells Main cell components Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Organelles Cell wall (only in plant cells) Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells Contains nucleus Many organelles present 10-100 micrometers Appeared later in the fossil record Lacks a nucleus Lacks organelles 1-10 micrometers Appeared earlier in the fossil record Pages 112-113 Plasma membrane Composed of proteins and a type of lipid called phospholipid The structure that makes the plasma membrane is called the phospholipid bilayer Phospholipid molecule of Plasma Membrane Plasma Membrane Structure Ways cells get molecules in and out of cell No cell energy used diffusion passive transport (facilitated diffusion) Cell energy used Active transport Diffusion The net movement of particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated Diffusion The random movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration If system is left alone the molecules will eventually spread themselves equally every where – the molecules do not stop moving though Types of Transport through plasma membrane Passive transport – Diffusion: some molecules cross the plasma membrane with no expenditure of energy or help from transport proteins Osmosis: difusion of water through a membrane – Facilitated diffusion: Transport molecules provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass Active transport Higher Concentration of Water Lower Concentration of Water Water molecules Sugar molecules Water moves from high concentration to low concentration Results of water movement Types of Transport through plasma membrane Passive transport – Diffusion Osmosis – Facilitated diffusion Active transport: A transport protein pumps a solute across a membrane in the opposite direction to the way it travels with diffusion. It requires chemical energy. Facilitated diffusion or Passive transport Glucose molecules High Concentration Cell Membrane Low Concentration Protein channel Protein channel Used when the cell wants to make sure it has lots of the molecule Molecules moved from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration Molecule to be carried Low Concentration Cell Membrane High Concentration Molecule being carried Low Concentration Energy from the cell is used Cell Membrane High Concentration Energy Energy Main cell parts and functions Cytoplasm: holds organelles - transport medium Nucleus: Control center – contains the DNA Ribosomes: make proteins RER: modify and transport proteins SED: Production of lipids (fats) Golgi apparatus: Process and package proteins and lipids Chloroplast: Where photosynthesis occurs Mitochondria: Releases energy usable by the cell