Download 9-24-15 Cell Fill in the Blank Work

CELL THEORY & CELL SIZE
1. All living things are made of _____________.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism (= basic unit of __________)
3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells
Size larges to smallest = ___________ cells > _________ cells > ____________
existing
life
cells
plant
animal
bacteria
CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)
Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as
LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ &
NON-POLAR tails facing ________
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
•
•
•
•
____________________- stick on inside or outside surface
____________________- go part way or all the way through
_________________ - recognize “self”
_______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane
FUNCTION:
Membranes are _________________________________
(=Semi-permeable)
Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out
___________ what enters & leaves cell
Helps with _________________
__________________ = gel-like material + organelles between
nucleus and cell membrane
bilayer
cytoplasm
transport
out
in
homeostasis
proteins
phospholipids
peripheral
controls
glycoproteins
integral
selectively permeable
NUCLEUS & NUCLEOLUS
Surrounded by _____________ MEMBRANE
called the NUCLEAR __________________
 ___________ CENTER OF CELL

Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & out
 CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)
 Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS
makes ___________________ (RNA)
DNA is scrunched up as ______________
in dividing cells.
DNA is spread out as ________________
in non-dividing cells.
CYTOSKELETON
Made of PROTEINS called ________________________ & ______________________
FUNCTION: helps cell maintain ____________
Also for ____________ and helps in ______________
CENTRIOLES
Made of __________________________
Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division
Function: pulls _______________________ apart
chromosomes
envelope
DNA
ribosomes
chromatin
double
control
pores
movement
microtubules
shape
support
microfilaments
chromosomes
microtubules
animal
MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA)
DNA
cristae
ATP
double
power plant
glucose
Surrounded by _____________ membrane
Contains its own ___________
_________________________ of cell
Burns ____________
Stores energy released as ______
Folded inner membrane = _________________
(increases surface area for more chemical reactions)
RIBOSOMES
Can be free in _______________ or _______________ to Rough ER
MADE OF ______________ & ________
FUNCTION: make ________________
cytoplasm
proteins
RNA
proteins
attached
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Internal Network of ___________________
Rough ER:
Attached ribosomes make _________________
which are modified and transported to Golgi
for export
Smooth ER:
ROUGH ER & SMOOTH ER
(with ribosomes) (no ribosomes)
proteins
steroids
toxins
membranes
calcium
Makes membrane lipids (__________________)
Regulates ________________ in muscles
Breaks down _________________ in liver
GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Looks like a stack of “________________”
Made of ______________________
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances
from ER for ______________ or _______________ out of cell
storage
pancakes
export
membranes
LYSOSOMES
Sac containing ________________________________
FUNCTION: Digests __________ ____________, and unwanted ______________________
Plays a role in ____________“Programmed cell death”
Cell suicide for the good of the organism
CILIA & FLAGELLA
Made of PROTEINS called _______________
help with ___________________
CILIA =____________ & __________
FUNCTION: move ______________ and moves substances_________ cells
FLAGELLA =___________ & ___________
FUNCTION: ____________ cells
digestive enzymes
apoptosis
food molecules
cells/cell parts
cells
moves
past
microtubules
many
few
short
long
movement
CELL WALL
Found OUTSIDE the ________________________
Provides ____________ & ________________
___________________ makes plant cells sturdy
Bacteria have cell walls made of _____________________
protection
cellulose
peptidoglycan
cell membrane
support
VACUOLES
Storage space for: _______________, _____________________,
_________________, & ________________
Huge in __________cells ,
small in _____________ cells,
Not in _________________
water
waste
animal
plants
carbohydrates
proteins
bacteria
CHLOROPLAST
Surrounded by ____________ membrane
Has own ________
_________________ = membrane sacs inside
Contain CHLOROPHYLL where _____________________ occurs
FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS
DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
BACTERIA
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
Cell wall made of
CELLULOSE
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple
chromosomes
Cell wall made of
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple
chromosomes
CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles
CYTOSKELETON
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes
Has centrioles
NO lysosomes
NO centrioles
Chloroplasts
SMALLER
Cell membrane
SMALL
NO chloroplasts
photosynthesis
thylakoids
double
plant
DNA
Prokaryotic
Cells
Animal Cells
Eukaryotic
Cells
Plant Cells