Download SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION 1. The

SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
1. The interval most critical for normal development of the
nervous system is the
A. post-neurulation period
B. fourth week of development
C. second trimester
D. eighth week of gestation
E. post-natal period
2. The telencephalon
A. is a portion of the rhombencephalon
B. contains the aqueduct of Sylvius
C. contains the foramina of Luschka
D. D ceases rostral growth at the lamina terminalis
E. is the site of development of the thalamus
3. Descending autonomic fibers in the spinal cord are located in the
A. dorsal lateral funiculus
B. ventral lateral funiculus
C. fasciculus proprius
D. posterior funiculus
E. anterior funiculus
4. Right hemisection of the spinal cord at C4 would interrupt all of the following EXCEPT :
A. The lateral spinothalamic fibers conveying pain and temperature sense from the
left leg
B. The fasciculus gracilis conveying kinesthetic sense from the left leg
C. The dorsal spinocerebellar input from the right side of the body
D. The anterior corticospinal fibers from the right hemisphere
E. The lateral corticospinal fibers from the left hemisphere
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5. Which of the following cells send axons to skeletal muscle?
A. Internuncial cells
B. Visceral efferent root cells
C. Interneurons
D. Somatic efferent root cells r
E. Golgi type II cells
6. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Rexed lamina I cells send their axons via the dorsal spinoreticular tract
B. The fasciculus cuneatus is located ventral to the dorsal nucleus of Clarke
C. Pasciculus cuneatus exists above level T6
D. Fasciculus gracilis carries fibers from all spinal levels
E. Rexed lamina II neurons innervate α motor neurons
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7. A surgeon attempting to abolish pain in the pelvic region
A. might make a lesion in the
B. cerebellum
C. anterior funiculus
D. anterior lateral funiculus
E. posterior funiculus
F. dorsal column
8. Afferent fibers in the auditory nerve exhibit
A. depolarizing receptor potentials
B. different characteristic frequencies
C. inhibitory responses to high frequency sounds
D. broad tuning curves
E. high amplitude standing waves
SELECT THE OUR BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
9. Individual hair cells in the human cochlea
A. are contacted at their base by the peripheral processes of spiral ganglion cells
B. are bathed in perilymph near their sterocilia
C. are tuned to the same frequency of vibration at different regions of the basilar
membrane
D. generate action potentials when their sterocilia are deflected
E. hyperpolarize at the onset of a tone
10. Transection of the glossopharyngeal nerves would
A. result in degeneration of cells in the geniculate ganglion
B. eliminate taste sensations on the anterior part of the tongue
C. eliminate direct projections to the parabrachial nuclei
D. eliminate the ability to detect sweet substances
E. affect the innervation of cells in circumvallate papillae
11. Sensory transduction in olfactory receptors involves
A. a decrease in membrane conductance
B. a receptor current
C. an inward e current
D. graded depolarizing generator potentials
E. a displacement of motile cilia at the base of the receptor
12. Rapidly adapting receptors
(A) convey little information about stimulus location
(B) are better than slowly adapting receptors at
communicating information about stimulus duration
(C) include Ruffini's corpuscles
(D) include hair follicle receptors
(E) usually do not have encapsulated nerve endings
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SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
13. The spinal trigeminal nucleus primarily receives
A. proprioceptive input from the jaw
B. fine touch information from the face
C. pain and temperature information from the face
D. viscerosensory input from the trunk region
E. proprioceptive input from the upper torso
14. The main (principal) trigeminal nucleus is a homologue of
A. medial lemniscal pathway
B. neospinothalamic pathway
C. paleopsinothalamic pathway
D. spinomesencephalic pathway
E. dorsal spinocerebellar pathway
15. Microelectrode recordings made in a single track perpendicular to the surface of area 3b in
the primary somatosensory cortex will record
A. cells sensitive to more than one stimulus submodality
B. cells sensitive to just one stimulus submodality
C. cells with larger receptive fields than exhibited by cells in areas 1 & 2 of cortex
D. several columns or modules
E. white matter only
16. The inferior third of the postcentral gyrus receives input from
(A) the main (principal) trigeminal nucleus
(B) pain and temperature afferents only
(C) the nucleus gracilis
(D) Meissner's corpuscles in the feet
(E) the VIIIth nerve
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17. Meniere's syndrome (involving transient attacks of dizziness, nausea, nystagmus) is caused
by
(A) excessive movement
(B) depolarization of hair cells as a consequence of viral infection
(C) a tumor in the vestibular nuclei
(D) excessive production of endolymph within the membranous labyrinth
(E) warm water applied to the external auditory meatus
18. Neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus
(A) are primary vestibular receptor cells
(B) are separated from the receptor cells by one synapse
(C) are separated from the receptor cells by two synapses
(D) act in efferent fashion to modify the sensitivity of the receptor cells
(E) have a strong excitatory effect on limb flexor motor neurons
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(A) Hydranencephaly
(B) Hydrocephalus
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B
19. A neurulation phase neural tube defect (NTD)
20. Caused by a vascular accident
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B if only 1 and 3 are correct
C if only 2 and 4 are correct
D if only 4 is Correct
E if all are correct
21. Cell types NOT derived from the epithelium of the neural tube include the
(1) oligodendrocytes
(2) ependymal cells
(3) neurons
(4) microglia
22. With regard to Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)
(1) folic acid deficiency is related to increased risk
(2) increased maternal serum a feto-protein (MS-AFP) values are reason to suspect
increased risk
(3) valproic acid and cadmium are causative
(4) amniotic acetylcholinesterase activity levels may be diagnostic
23. Spinal neurons classified as column cells are
(1) intersegmental association neurons
(2) commissural association neurons
(3) intrasegmental association neurons
(4) somatic efferent neurons
24. Which of the following fiber tracts decussate in the anterior white commissure?
(1) Lateral spinothalamic
(2) Cuneocerebellar
(3) Ventral spinocerebellar
(4) Dorsal spinocerebellar
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FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
TEE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B if only 1 and 3 are correct
C if only 2 and 4 are correct
D if only 4 is Correct
E if all are correct
25. The posteromarginal nucleus of the dorsal horn
(1) is the origin of the neospinothalamic tract
(2) receives input from the substantia gelatinosa
(3) receives input from pain afferents
(4) has short axons that monosynaptically excite a motor neurons
26. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Nociceptive information is carried by the paleospinal thalamic tract
(2) Nociceptors are free nerve endings
(3) There are two general types of neurons carrying nociceptive information in the spinal
cord
(4) A painful stimulus is defined as a stimulus that elicits tissue damage
27. A bilateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) lesion will block analgesia produced by
(1) electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter
(2) local injection of morphine into the periaqueductal gray
(3) electrical stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus
(4) intrathecal injection of morphine below the DLF lesion
28. Soreness pain from the foot is transmitted to the thalamus by the
(1) spinalcord rexed lamina I (posteromarginal nucleus)
(2) spinalcord rexed lamina II (substantia gelatinosa)
(3) dorsalcolumn
(4) paleospinal thalamic tract
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
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29. Which of the following is evidence that opiate produced analgesia and stimulation produced
analgesia operate by the same mechanism?
(1) Opiate antagonists block both opiate produced analgesia and stimulation produced
analgesia
(2) Cross tolerance develops between opiate produced analgesia and stimulation
produced analgesia
(3) Opiate produced analgesia and stimulation produced analgesia elicit similar effects
when given alone and synergistic effects when given together
(4) Bilateral dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) lesions block both opiate produced analgesia
and stimulation produced analgesia
30. An auditory nerve fiber with a characteristic frequency of 15 KHz
(1) is more sensitive to a sound frequency of 14.5 KHz than 2 KHz
(2) will not respond to sounds over 75 decibels
(3) innervates hair cells near the base of the cochlea
(4) responds only to a sound frequency of 15 KHz
31. The components of the middle ear
(1) transmit vibration of the tympanic membrane to fluid of the scala vestibuli
(2) attenuate the amplitude of sound waves greater than 60 decibels
(3) overcome the acoustic impedance mismatch between outer and inner ears
(4) perform a mechanical frequency analysis of sound
FOR EACH OF TEE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
TIE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are Correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
32. Frequency discrimination by cochlear hair cells can be explained by the
(1) velocity of traveling waves along the basilar membrane
(2) frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane
(3) amplitude of standing waves on the basilar membrane
(4) location of individual hair cells on the basilar membrane
33. The receptor potential of cochlear hair cells involves
(1) an inward Na+ current
(2) a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current
(3) a fast rapidly inactivating K+ current
(4) an inward K+ current
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34. The glomeruli in the olfactory bulb contain
(1) synapses between olfactory receptors and mitral cells
(2) synapses between intrinsic interneurons and mitral cells
(3) dendro-dendritic synapses
(4) synapses between centrifugal fibers and periglomerular cells
35. Receptors responsible for fine, highly localized tactile discrimination at the fingertip include:
(1) Pacinian corpuscles
(2) Merkel's discs
(3) Ruffini's corpuscles
(4) Meissner's corpuscles
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE COINTAIMING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
36. Cold receptors
(1) have encapsulated nerve endings
(2) can be paradoxically excited by heat stimuli of approximately 45 degrees C
(3) are classified as having rapidly conducting fibers
(4) have unencapsulated nerve endings
37. Neurons in the gracile nucleus
(1) receive proprioceptive input
(2) receive tactile input
(3) receive input from the lower half of the body
(4) send their axons directly to the thalamus
38. A hemisection of the spinal cord on the left side would produce which of the following
symptoms in the body below the lesion:
(1) loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side
(2) loss of pain, temperature and crude touch sensation on the left side
(3) loss of fine touch and proprioception on the left side
(4) loss of all somatosensory modalities on the left side for a few weeks or months
39. The cupula
1) has embedded otoliths
2) covers the hair cells in the ampullae of the semicircular canals
3) is part of the sensory structure which detects static changes in head tilt
4) moves in response to head turns
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FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are Correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
40. Hair cells of the vestibular system
(1) release transmitter even when not stimulated
(2) do not generate action potentials
(3) have only one kinocilium per cell
(4) synapse directly onto fibers whose cell bodies are located in the vestibular ganglion
41. Decerebrate rigidity
(1) is reduced by cerebellar stimulation
(2) is reduced following transection of nerve VIII
(3) involves descending connections from the lateral vestibular nucleus
(4) does not occur with brain stem transections below the level of the vestibular nuclei
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Neuro #2 practical
tract of Iissauer butt and legs
nucleus proprius fasciculus proprius
auditory below the legs
ventral cochlear nucleus
nucleus cuneatus
scala tympany
superior vestibular nucleus
visceral
superior olivary complex
prewsynaptic sympathetic neuron
crossed
ant. median fissure
gustatory
VPM
substantia gelatinosa
medial geniculate body
gustatory
spinocerrebellar tract
feet
gracilus fasciculus
cupula
vestibular
pain and temperature
contralateral
neospinothalamic tract
dorsal nucleus of clark
central tegmental tract
cuneate nucleus
medial vestibular nucleus
ant. white commisure
contralateral
brachium of inf. colliculus
lateral cuneate nucleus
cerebellum
gustatory
lateral spinothalamic tract
inferior vestibular nucleus
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ANSWERS:
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. E
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. C
19. D
20. A
21. D
22. E
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. E
27. A
28. C
29. E
30. B
31. B
32. C
33. C
34. E
35. C
36. C
37. E
38. B
39. C
40. E
41. E
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