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Biology Unit 4B Name: _______________________ Alien Protein Synthesis Pre-Lab Reading Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, like hair color and blood type. Genes are composed of DNA. The DNA code is based on a triplet of nitrogen bases. Each triplet code corresponds to a specific amino acid. Amino acids combine to form proteins. In a process known as transcription (takes place in the nucleus) messenger RNA (mRNA) reads and copies the DNA. mRNA then takes the message out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm and finally to the ribosome (rRNA), the site of protein synthesis in a process known as translation. It is at the ribosome that the third form of RNA arrives, transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA carries a specific amino acid for a specific codon on the mRNA. The tRNA binds to the mRNA by the anti-codon. This continues until a protein has been manufactured. In this activity you have collected a sample of alien DNA from a distant planet. This species has 8 genes that you have designated 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Transcribe the DNA into mRNA, then find the anti-codon and the corresponding amino acid. The series of amino acids will determine the protein (trait). Procedure 1. Turn the DNA into mRNA. 2. Turn the mRNA into tRNA anti-codons. 3. Use the tRNA anti-codons provided to determine the amino acid sequence. 4. Match the correct amino acid sequence to a characteristic. 5. Draw your alien based on the characteristics you uncovered from the DNA. 6. Be sure to answer the questions found in the Analysis & Conclusions section. 1 Gene #1 DNA TAC AGT GTG TTA CTA GCC GGG ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #2 DNA TAC AAA GAG CAC GGG ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #3 DNA TAC ACA CTA TTA GTG ATA TGA AGT ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #4 DNA TAC GCC GCC ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #5 DNA TAC AAA TAA GGG GTT CTA ACA ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #6 DNA TAC ATA GTG ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #7 DNA mRNA TAC AAA GCC TAA ACA CAC CTC AGT ATC tRNA Amino Acid Trait Gene #8 DNA TAC TGA CGG ATA ATC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid Trait 2 Alien Name (Species Name): Species 4672-A Draw your alien based on the characteristics you uncovered from the DNA. 3 Analysis & Conclusions 1. Briefly describe the steps of protein synthesis. 2. Describe all 3 forms of RNA and discuss their functions. 3. Describe how you could find the DNA if you knew the amino acid sequence. Give an example to illustrate your point. 4. Could a mutation in the DNA affect the way an organism looks? Give an example to illustrate your point. 4