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Macromolecules and Your Body Anatomy Carbohydrates • Three main carbohydrates in body – Glucose (stores energy) – Glycogen (stores energy) – Ribose (expression of hereditary information) Lipids • Four main lipids that are important to us – Triglycerides – Phospholipids – Steriods – Prostaglandins/ Eicosanoids Triglycerides • Store energy • Butter, olive oil • Get a lot from your diet Phospholipids • Lecithin and Cephalin • Form cell membranes Steriods • Cortoicosteroids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone) • Synthesis hormones and help form membranes Prostaglandins & Eicosanoids • • • • Regulating actions of hormones Help immune system Influences inflammatory response Causes contraction of smooth muscle for labor • Contributes to production of mucus in stomach Proteins • Functional and structural Functional Proteins • Regulate chemical reactions Structural Proteins • Form part of the tissues that provide mechanical support to the part of the body where they are located Nucleic Acids • DNA and RNA DNA • Genetic code and information • Ensures daughter cells inherit data from parent cells • Code the ways proteins turn genes on and off • Needed to form mRNA RNA • • • • Carries genetic information Catalyzes biochemical reactions Adapter molecule in protein synthesis Structural molecules in cellular organelles – mRNA – tRNA – rRNA – snRNA (catalyze reactions with mRNA) – gRNA (edits RNA) Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycoproteins – Mannose and galactose – Regulate chemical reactions (similar function to functional proteins) Combinations of Macromolecules • Proteoglycans – Important for lubrication (increase thickness of fluids) Combinations of Macromolecules • Lipoproteins – Transport lipids in blood Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycolipids – Cerebrosides (in myelin sheaths of nerve fibers) – Cell membranes Combinations of Macromolecules • Ribonucleoproteins – Have enzyme like properties (slicing mRNA snRNPs)