Download Bio102A organic notes (2)

•Biology 102A
Organic Chemistry
Notes
Journal 4
• Complete the Venn diagram below:
Acids
1
1
2
1
2
Bases
What is organic chemistry?
 The study of all
compounds containing
the element CARBON
Natural elements: make up 96%
of the mass of a human:
CARBON, HYDROGEN,
OXYGEN, NITROGEN (CHON)
Trace elements: only needed in
small amounts, called “minerals”:
What is a macromolecule?
 A giant molecule made up of
100’s or 1000’s or smaller
units called MONOMERS
Monomers link together to
form large POLYMERS
 formed by polymerization
The types of macromolecules:
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
 Made up of C,H,O
Used as main source of energy
 Sugars: quick source of energy
Monosaccharide-simple sugar, disaccharide-2,
polysaccharide-many
Two types:
Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose
Starches: many sugars linked together, source of
energy breaking down slower
Used by plants for energy storage
Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains
Figure 2-13 A Starch
Section 2-3
Starch
Glucose
Go to
Section:
LIPIDS
 Made up mainly of C & H
Used to store energy,
insulation & protection
Usually not soluble in
water
Saturated: has maximum
number of H bonds, usually
solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: at least one
double bond, causes
“kinks”, usually liquid
PROTEINS
 Made up of N,C,H, O
Made up of groups called amino
acids (20 in nature)
 proteins have a large variety of
sizes & shapes
If the shape changes, it becomes
a new protein
Ex: when you boil an egg, the
protein changes color, shapej
Found in muscles, cellmembrane
Nucleic Acids
 Made up of H,O,N,C & P
 Store and transmit genetic
information
 Made up of nucleotides
 Two types: DNA & RNA
Reinforcement
1. All organic compounds contain which element?
a. calcium
b. carbon
c. chlorine
2. Is water an organic compound?
a. yes
b. no
c. sometimes it is and sometimes not
3. Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
4. Starches & sugars are both examples of which
macromolecules?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
5. Fats & oils are both examples of which macromolecule?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids c. proteins