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Transcript
By the end of today: Name a function of each organelle The nucleus Contains genetic information Has a double membrane with pore complexes Contains nucleolus – a structure where rRNA is synthesized Fun fact: your red blood cells do not have nucleii (anucleated) Endoplasmic reticulum Smooth ER Synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs and poisons Fun fact – cells that synthesize hormones (steroids which are lipids) , such as testes and ovaries are rich in smooth ER Another fun fact - Also proliferation of smooth ER in response to drugs and alcohol Rough ER Proteins are synthesized using ribosomes and then in the rough ER they are folded and carbohydrates are added to make a glycoprotein The membrane buds off to form a transport vesicle which takes the protein to another area in the cell Golgi Products of the ER are modified, stored and sent to other destinations in the golgi Golgi can also manufacture macromolecules, such as polysaccharides Strucutre Trans face – shipping side Cis face – near the rough ER Fun fact – molecular identification tags are added to golgi products that aid in their placement within the cell Lysosomes – Digests macromolecules using enzymes Phagocytosis – Eating or digestion of products Autophagy – Breaks down damaged organelles Lysosomal lipase is missing Vacuoles Different functions in different cells Ex. Food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles (pump excess water out of the cell), and in plant cells central vacuole Plant cells central vacuole has many functions such as organic compound reserve, disposal site, pigment storage, poison storage, etc. Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration (creates energy from food) Has two membranes Has DNA Fun fact – there are lots of mitochondria in your muscle cells and you can increase the amount with exercise Chloroplasts The site of photosynthesis Creates organic molecules that can be broken down in the mitochondria They are not found in animal cells Cytoskeleton Function Support Motility Regulation Types Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments Microtubules Structure Hollow rods constructed from tubulin dimers (protein with two subunits) Function Aid in shape, support and form tracks which organelles move along Examples : Centrosomes and cilia and flagella How a cilia or flagellum works D:\Chapter_06\C_Anim ation_and_Video_Files\0 6_Animations\06_24Cili aFlagella_A.swf Microfilaments Structure Solid rods built from twisted actin chains (smallest) Function Bears tension helps support the cell’s shape Movement Contraction of muscle cells Amoeboid movement Microfilaments – muscle contraction Microfilaments – amoeboid movement Amoeba moving Intermediate Filaments Structure Proteins coiled into thicker cables Bigger than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules Function Tension bearing Permanent fixtures of cells (do not move) Check for understanding Cell parts checklist Contrast cell types As you are doing the worksheet, review the function of each organelle with your group Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration What determines whether a substance will enter or leave a cell? Diffusion Lab Will substances move through the membrane? What determines which substances will move? Check for understanding Define diffusion What types of molecules could move freely through a cell membrane? Demo with potatoe Membranes Know the parts of the cell membrane and what the function is Membranes Function Acts as a barrier that separates the inside and outside of the cell Regulates the “traffic” of molecules into and out of the cell Membranes Structure Lipids and proteins Amphipathic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions) Fluid mosaic model For the following that are circled: Give the name and at least three facts, including the function Two types of movement through the membrane Passive transport – Does not need energy to transport Active transport – Uses energy to transport Something to ponder… Most fish are not able to move between salt water and fresh water. Why do you think this is? Osmosis lab Be able to define osmosis Determine which way water will move given certain solute concentrations Osmosis The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Ex. Lettuce and salad dressing Or wilted lettuce in water Water balance in cells Check for understanding Draw a representation of the concept of osmosis. (Hint: You may want to draw solutes to one side of a membrane and show which way the water is moving) Water Potential Read exercise 1C in lab notebook Water potential is the potential for water to do work, or move out of the cell Ψ = Ψp + Ψs Water potential equals the pressure potential plus the solute potential. Increasing the pressure increases water potential (+) Increasing solutes decreases water potential (-) Check for understanding If a plant cell has a lower water potential than its surrounding environment and if pressure is equal to zero, is the cell hypertonic (in terms of solute concentration) or hypotonic to its environment? Will the cell gain water or lose water?