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PowerPoint® Clickers Slides Questions prepared by Mark Hollier, Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus CHAPTER 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue © Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The nervous system has three overlapping functions. Which of the following represents a logical sequence of these three functions? a) b) c) d) Sensory input, motor output, integration Motor output, integration, sensory input Sensory input, integration, motor output Integration, sensory input, motor output © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The nervous system has three overlapping functions. Which of the following represents a logical sequence of these three functions? a) b) c) d) Sensory input, motor output, integration Motor output, integration, sensory input Sensory input, integration, motor output Integration, sensory input, motor output © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. While studying for an exam, you reach for a beverage. To extend your arm, your _______ nervous system is activated. a) b) c) d) afferent autonomic sympathetic somatic © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. While studying for an exam, you reach for a beverage. To extend your arm, your _______ nervous system is activated. a) b) c) d) afferent autonomic sympathetic somatic © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The door slams shut loudly and you flinch. After a few seconds, you realize that your heart is beating very rapidly and forcefully. This response is the result of your ______ nervous system. a) b) c) d) afferent autonomic central somatic © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The door slams shut loudly and you flinch. After a few seconds, you realize that your heart is beating very rapidly and forcefully. This response is the result of your ______ nervous system. a) b) c) d) afferent autonomic central somatic © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Complete the following analogy: Electrical wire is to electrical insulating tape as peripheral neurons are to ________. a) b) c) d) Schwann cells oligodendrocytes astrocytes ependymal cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Complete the following analogy: Electrical wire is to electrical insulating tape as peripheral neurons are to ________. a) b) c) d) Schwann cells oligodendrocytes astrocytes ependymal cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Each neuron in our bodies has a life span of _________. a) b) c) d) 120 days 10 years 10 months an average human life span © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Each neuron in our bodies has a life span of _________. a) b) c) d) 120 days 10 years 10 months an average human life span © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. "Nerves" are found in the ______ while "tracts" are found in the ________. a) b) c) d) PNS; CNS CNS; PNS brain; legs and arms spinal cord; brain © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. "Nerves" are found in the ______ while "tracts" are found in the ________. a) b) c) d) PNS; CNS CNS; PNS brain; legs and arms spinal cord; brain © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The portion of an axon that communicates with its target cell is the _______. a) b) c) d) dendrite axon axon terminal cell body © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The portion of an axon that communicates with its target cell is the _______. a) b) c) d) dendrite axon axon terminal cell body © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The basis for differentiation between gray matter and white matter in the CNS is the presence of _______ in white matter. a) b) c) d) unmyelinated fibers myelinated fibers Schwann cells ependymal cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The basis for differentiation between gray matter and white matter in the CNS is the presence of _______ in white matter. a) b) c) d) unmyelinated fibers myelinated fibers Schwann cells ependymal cells © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ________ are the most common structural type of neuron in humans. a) b) c) d) Pseudounipolar Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ________ are the most common structural type of neuron in humans. a) b) c) d) Pseudounipolar Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. When considering the relationship between a structural classification and a functional classification of neurons, it can be said that ____________________. a) b) c) d) all multipolar neurons are interneurons all motor neurons are unipolar neurons essentially all bipolar neurons are sensory neurons unipolar neurons only function as motor neurons © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. When considering the relationship between a structural classification and a functional classification of neurons, it can be said that ____________________. a) b) c) d) all multipolar neurons are interneurons all motor neurons are unipolar neurons essentially all bipolar neurons are sensory neurons unipolar neurons only function as motor neurons © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. As a general rule, the greater the potential difference in charge between two points, the __________ the voltage. a) b) c) d) higher lower less difference in more even © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. As a general rule, the greater the potential difference in charge between two points, the __________ the voltage. a) b) c) d) higher lower less difference in more even © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In a living neuron, which component provides resistance to current flow? a) b) c) d) the membrane the axon the cytoplasm the ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In a living neuron, which component provides resistance to current flow? a) b) c) d) the membrane the axon the cytoplasm the ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Sodium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of a neuron ________ when its voltage-gated sodium channels open. a) b) c) d) increases decreases remains unchanged decreases tenfold © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Sodium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of a neuron ________ when its voltage-gated sodium channels open. a) b) c) d) increases decreases remains unchanged decreases tenfold © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The chief contributor to the negative charge of a resting neuron's intracellular fluid is __________. a) b) c) d) a high extracellular concentration of sodium ions a high intracellular concentration of anionic proteins a high intracellular concentration of potassium ions a high extracellular concentration of chloride ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The chief contributor to the negative charge of a resting neuron's intracellular fluid is __________. a) b) c) d) a high extracellular concentration of sodium ions a high intracellular concentration of anionic proteins a high intracellular concentration of potassium ions a high extracellular concentration of chloride ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of potential does not decay with distance? a) b) c) d) Graded potential Action potential Generator potential Both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of potential does not decay with distance? a) b) c) d) Graded potential Action potential Generator potential Both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Maintenance of the resting membrane potential is possible due to __________. a) b) c) d) ATP expenditure of the neuron the actions of the sodium-potassium pump potassium ions spontaneously crossing to the interior of the neuron both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Maintenance of the resting membrane potential is possible due to __________. a) b) c) d) ATP expenditure of the neuron the actions of the sodium-potassium pump potassium ions spontaneously crossing to the interior of the neuron both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Depolarization of the neuron refers to __________. a) b) c) d) a reduction in membrane potential an increase in membrane potential an increased negativity of the neuron interior both b and c © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Depolarization of the neuron refers to __________. a) b) c) d) a reduction in membrane potential an increase in membrane potential an increased negativity of the neuron interior both b and c © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Neurons generally repolarize once the membrane potential reaches approximately +30 mV because __________. a) b) c) d) voltage-gated sodium channel gates close voltage-gated potassium channel gates open chemically gated sodium channels open voltage-gated calcium channel gates open © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Neurons generally repolarize once the membrane potential reaches approximately +30 mV because __________. a) b) c) d) voltage-gated sodium channel gates close voltage-gated potassium channel gates open chemically gated sodium channels open voltage-gated calcium channel gates open © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In an organism, action potentials are propagated unidirectionally toward the axon ending because __________. a) b) c) d) membranes become nonresponsive due to inactive sodium channels after action potential generation action potentials are always propagated in an anterograde fashion regardless of conditions action potentials cannot start anywhere except at the axon hillock of both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In an organism, action potentials are propagated unidirectionally toward the axon ending because __________. a) b) c) d) membranes become nonresponsive due to inactive sodium channels after action potential generation action potentials are always propagated in an anterograde fashion regardless of conditions action potentials cannot start anywhere except at the axon hillock of both a and b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. You would expect a neuron that depolarizes to –75 mV would __________. a) b) c) d) return to resting membrane potential without generating an action potential fire a much more intense action potential with a peak of +100 mV fire a much less intense action potential with a peak of +15 mV hyperpolarize © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. You would expect a neuron that depolarizes to –75 mV would __________. a) b) c) d) return to resting membrane potential without generating an action potential fire a much more intense action potential with a peak of +100 mV fire a much less intense action potential with a peak of +15 mV hyperpolarize © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The point at which the all-or-none principle of action potential generation is reached is termed the ________. a) b) c) d) peak depolarization point threshold point of no return © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The point at which the all-or-none principle of action potential generation is reached is termed the ________. a) b) c) d) peak depolarization point threshold point of no return © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Stronger stimuli are interpreted when the CNS receives ________ action potentials. a) b) c) d) higher magnitude more frequent lower magnitude more infrequent © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Stronger stimuli are interpreted when the CNS receives ________ action potentials. a) b) c) d) higher magnitude more frequent lower magnitude more infrequent © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of fiber is lightly myelinated and transmits impulses at an average rate of 15 m/s? a) b) c) d) Group A fibers Group B fibers Group C fibers Group D fibers © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of fiber is lightly myelinated and transmits impulses at an average rate of 15 m/s? a) b) c) d) Group A fibers Group B fibers Group C fibers Group D fibers © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. During the relative refractory period __________. a) b) c) d) no action potentials can be generated the threshold is substantially elevated exceptionally strong stimuli could trigger action potentials both b and c apply © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. During the relative refractory period __________. a) b) c) d) no action potentials can be generated the threshold is substantially elevated exceptionally strong stimuli could trigger action potentials both b and c apply © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The location at which a neuron interacts with its target cell (another neuron or a muscle cell or other effector cell) is called the __________. a) b) c) d) synapse junction connection axoaxonic target © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The location at which a neuron interacts with its target cell (another neuron or a muscle cell or other effector cell) is called the __________. a) b) c) d) synapse junction connection axoaxonic target © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following synapse types is the most rapid? a) b) c) d) Chemical synapse Electrical synapse Presynaptic synapse None of these is more rapid than the others. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following synapse types is the most rapid? a) b) c) d) Chemical synapse Electrical synapse Presynaptic synapse None of these is more rapid than the others. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. During the events involved in information transfer across a chemical synapse, which of the following steps would be directly interrupted by exposing a neuron to a calcium channel blocker? a) b) c) d) Neurotransmitter exocytosis from the presynaptic neuron Depolarization of the presynaptic neuron Binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic membrane Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. During the events involved in information transfer across a chemical synapse, which of the following steps would be directly interrupted by exposing a neuron to a calcium channel blocker? a) b) c) d) Neurotransmitter exocytosis from the presynaptic neuron Depolarization of the presynaptic neuron Binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic membrane Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Generally speaking, opening chloride channels in the postsynaptic membrane will result in an _______. a) b) c) d) excitatory postsynaptic potential excitatory presynaptic potential inhibitory postsynaptic potential inhibitory presynaptic potential © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Generally speaking, opening chloride channels in the postsynaptic membrane will result in an _______. a) b) c) d) excitatory postsynaptic potential excitatory presynaptic potential inhibitory postsynaptic potential inhibitory presynaptic potential © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Identify the false statement. a) b) c) d) Temporal summation occurs with graded potentials. EPSPs and IPSPs can summate spatially. EPSPs and IPSPs can summate temporally. Spatial summation occurs with action potentials. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Identify the false statement. a) b) c) d) Temporal summation occurs with graded potentials. EPSPs and IPSPs can summate spatially. EPSPs and IPSPs can summate temporally. Spatial summation occurs with action potentials. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Certain psychoactive drugs exert their effects by keeping the concentration of neurotransmitters elevated within the synapse. These drugs could act by _______. a) b) c) d) inhibiting enzymes associated with the postsynaptic membrane that degrade the neurotransmitter inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter by astrocytes or the presynaptic terminal Doing either a or b doing neither a nor b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Certain psychoactive drugs exert their effects by keeping the concentration of neurotransmitters elevated within the synapse. These drugs could act by _______. a) b) c) d) inhibiting enzymes associated with the postsynaptic membrane that degrade the neurotransmitter inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter by astrocytes or the presynaptic terminal Doing either a or b doing neither a nor b © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Neurotransmitters are important in functioning of ______ synapses. a) b) c) d) chemical electrical gap converging © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Neurotransmitters are important in functioning of ______ synapses. a) b) c) d) chemical electrical gap converging © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What occurs in the discharge zone of a neuronal pool? a) b) c) d) Neurons repolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons depolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons hyperpolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons are most likely to generate impulses. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What occurs in the discharge zone of a neuronal pool? a) b) c) d) Neurons repolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons depolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons hyperpolarize but do not reach threshold. Neurons are most likely to generate impulses. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spinal reflexes are an example of _______. a) b) c) d) parallel processing temporal summation serial processing spatial summation © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spinal reflexes are an example of _______. a) b) c) d) parallel processing temporal summation serial processing spatial summation © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.