Download Structures and Functions in living organisms

Structures and Functions in living
organisms
Lesson 3
Cell Structure
Cell structure
Syllabus extract
Students will be assessed on their ability to:
• describe cell structures, including the nucleus,
cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast
and vacuole
• describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm,
cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
• compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
Learning Objective:
In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to:
Compare plant and animal cells and
describe the function of each part.
Learning Objective:
In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to:
Grades E/G Label a plant and animal cell
Grade C-D Describe the function of each of the
organelles in an animal cell
Grade A* B Compare plant and animal cells and
describe the function of each part.
• All living organisms are composed of cells.
• The simplest organisms are made of one single cell.
• More complex organisms like animals and plants are
made of many cells and are called multicellular
organisms.
• In multicellular organisms there are many different
types of cells that are specialised to carry out
particular functions.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Cell structure Description
Found in Plant
or animal cell
Function
Nucleus
Both
Controls the activity of the cell using
genes
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Contains
chromosomes
•
•
•
•
•
Largest organelle.
Controls the activities of the cell.
Contains chromosomes.
Chromosomes carry genes.
The genes determine which proteins the cell
can make.
Nucleus
• Forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and
the outside of the cell.
• Some chemicals can pass through this barrier
and the cell can control what comes in and out.
• It is selectively permeable.
• Jelly like substance which contains all of the
organelles.
• Many of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
in the cytoplasm.
• These are called metabolic reactions.
Cytoplasm
• Carry out some of the reactions of respiration.
• Therefore releasing energy for the cell.
• Cells that have a high demand for energy
usually have many mitochondria.
• Found only in plant cells.
• It is made of a non-living material called
cellulose.
• Helps the cell keep its shape.
• It is freely permeable.
Cell wall
•
•
•
•
Found in some plant cells.
Contains chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment.
It absorbs light energy to make food in the
process of photosynthesis.
• Found only in plant cells.
• Filled with cell sap.
• Cell sap is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral
ions, and other solutes.
• Helps keep the cell’s shape.
Vacuole
Cell structure description
Plant or animal
cell
Function
Nucleus
Contains
Both
chromosome
s
Controls the activity of the cell using
genes
Cell
Membrane
Forms a
boundary
between…
Both
Controls what enters and leaves the
cell
Cytoplasm
Both
Location of cell metabolic reactions
Mitochondri
a
Both
Site of respiration
Cell Wall
Plant only
Made of cellulose, gives cell strength
Chloroplast
Plant only
Site of photosynthesis
Vacuole
Plant only
Contains cell sap which helps keep
cell’s shape
Learning Objective:
In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to:
Compare plant and animal cells and
describe the function of each part.
Learning Objective:
In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to:
Grades E/G Label a plant and animal cell
Grade C-D Describe the function of each of the
organelles in an animal cell
Grade A* B Compare plant and animal cells and
describe the function of each part.