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Transcript
Structures and Functions in living organisms Lesson 3 Cell Structure Cell structure Syllabus extract Students will be assessed on their ability to: • describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole • describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole • compare the structures of plant and animal cells. Learning Objective: In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to: Compare plant and animal cells and describe the function of each part. Learning Objective: In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to: Grades E/G Label a plant and animal cell Grade C-D Describe the function of each of the organelles in an animal cell Grade A* B Compare plant and animal cells and describe the function of each part. • All living organisms are composed of cells. • The simplest organisms are made of one single cell. • More complex organisms like animals and plants are made of many cells and are called multicellular organisms. • In multicellular organisms there are many different types of cells that are specialised to carry out particular functions. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Cell wall Cell membrane Mitochondria Vacuole Cytoplasm Chloroplast Nucleus Cell structure Description Found in Plant or animal cell Function Nucleus Both Controls the activity of the cell using genes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria Cell Wall Chloroplast Vacuole Contains chromosomes • • • • • Largest organelle. Controls the activities of the cell. Contains chromosomes. Chromosomes carry genes. The genes determine which proteins the cell can make. Nucleus • Forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell. • Some chemicals can pass through this barrier and the cell can control what comes in and out. • It is selectively permeable. • Jelly like substance which contains all of the organelles. • Many of the cell’s chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm. • These are called metabolic reactions. Cytoplasm • Carry out some of the reactions of respiration. • Therefore releasing energy for the cell. • Cells that have a high demand for energy usually have many mitochondria. • Found only in plant cells. • It is made of a non-living material called cellulose. • Helps the cell keep its shape. • It is freely permeable. Cell wall • • • • Found in some plant cells. Contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment. It absorbs light energy to make food in the process of photosynthesis. • Found only in plant cells. • Filled with cell sap. • Cell sap is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions, and other solutes. • Helps keep the cell’s shape. Vacuole Cell structure description Plant or animal cell Function Nucleus Contains Both chromosome s Controls the activity of the cell using genes Cell Membrane Forms a boundary between… Both Controls what enters and leaves the cell Cytoplasm Both Location of cell metabolic reactions Mitochondri a Both Site of respiration Cell Wall Plant only Made of cellulose, gives cell strength Chloroplast Plant only Site of photosynthesis Vacuole Plant only Contains cell sap which helps keep cell’s shape Learning Objective: In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to: Compare plant and animal cells and describe the function of each part. Learning Objective: In order to be successful in this lesson you must be able to: Grades E/G Label a plant and animal cell Grade C-D Describe the function of each of the organelles in an animal cell Grade A* B Compare plant and animal cells and describe the function of each part.