* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Gene Mutations - Lyndhurst School
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Y chromosome wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Neocentromere wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic Mutations What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in body cells and are not passed to offspring May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? Mutations happen regularly and often neutral Many mutations are naturally repaired by enzymes Causes of mutations: Natural Chemicals Radiation Other environmental factors Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? Some mutations are harmful and can cause: Cancer Birth defects Physical impairments Other life altering conditions Some mutations may improve an organism’s survival This is know as evolution Chromosome Mutations and Gene Mutations Chromosome Mutations May Involve: Changing the structure of a chromosome The loss or gain of part of a chromosome Types of Chromosome Mutations Five types exist: Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction Duplication Deletion Due to breakage, a piece of a chromosome is lost Inversion Chromosome segment breaks off Segment flips around backwards Segment reattaches Duplication Occurs when a gene sequence is repeated Translocation Involves two chromosomes that not homologous Part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosomes Nondisjunction Caused by a failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis As a result, the gamete will have too many or too few chromosomes Gene Mutations What are Gene Mutations? Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene May only involve a single nucleotide May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc. Types of Gene Mutations Include: Point Mutations Substitutions Insertions Deletions Frameshift Point Mutation What is it? Change of a single nucleotide Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene Example: Sickle Cell disease is the result of one nucleotide substitution Occurs in the hemoglobin gene Frameshift Mutation Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides Changes the “reading frame” like changing a sentence Causes proteins to be built incorrectly Food inc Class Discussion Discussion See teacher for details Modern Genetics Objectives Describe ways of producing organisms with desired traits State the goal of the human genome project Selective Breeding Definition: The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation This process has been used for hundreds of years Two Types: Inbreeding- crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics Hybridization- crossing two genetically different individuals Cloning Cloning- a technique used to produce offspring with desired traits (identical to the traits of another organism) Clone- an organism that has identical gene as the one from which it was produced WATCH - BrainPop: Dolly the Sheep Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering- genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another Examples …. Gene therapy- use of genetic engineering to correct genetic disorders. Concerns… The Human Genome Project Genome- all of the DNA in one cell of an organism Goal of the Human Genome Project: Identify the sequence of every gene in the human genome Interesting Facts: The DNA of humans consists of at least 30,000 genes Each gene has about 3,000 bases (A, T, G, C) Other Uses: DNA Fingerprinting Technology used in the Human Genome Project can be used to identify people and show whether people are related