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Laboratory: Bacterial Transformation Introduction of plasmid DNA into E. coli This laboratory is The first part in a series of 3 experiments: – Plasmid Transformation – Plasmid Isolation – Plasmid Mapping Transformation A process of plasmid DNA uptake In our experiment the plasmid is: extrachromosomal Transformation experiment illustrates: Genotype determines phenotype Plasmid DNA How will the phenotype of the E. coli be changed? Plasmids have selectable markers to detect change: Color alteration of colonies Antibiotic resistance Let’s look more closely at “our” plasmid Amp r pGal Lac Z gene What are characteristics of the lac Z gene? Lac Z gene Codes for beta-galactosidase Beta-galactosidase is secreted by the transformed E. coli Beta-galactosidase utilizes the substrate “X-gal” to produce a blue color What are characteristics of ampr gene? Amp resistance gene Beta-lactamase secreted extracellularly Beta-lactamase inactivates ampicillin How to transform cells. Competent bacterial cells are required Introduction of plasmid DNA + bacteria “Heat Shock” to increase uptake of DNA Bacterial Tranformation Protocol Experimental overview: Please refer to your lab manual. Group materials Each group – Plasmid DNA – Buffer – Recovery broth – 3 agar plates – 3 transfer pipets or use micropipettors – 2 “yellow platers” Plating of transformed bacteria Cell spreader Gently spread across surface Let plate sit 10-15 min. Cover Incubate 37 overnight Agar plate with drops of transformed cells This is in your lab manual! SUMMARY •Incubate 10 min. on ice Control •Incubate 42 C for 90 seconds Treatment •Place on ice for 1 minute •Add 0.75 ml recovery broth to control and treatment tubes •Incubate at 37 C 15-30 min •streak 10 drops of cells evenly Amp/X-Gal X-Gal Amp/Xgal Next lab: Transformation Efficiency is Determined # of transformants/ug of DNA x volume at recovery (ml)/volume plated (ml)= # of transformants per ug of DNA Our experiment uses: DNA concentration: 0.025 ug Recovery Volume: .68 ml Plating Volume: 0.25 ml