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Growth and Reproduction in Cells
P. 152: What is Cell Division?
Picture
2 main ideas in each box
P. 153: Chromosomes?
P. 154: Cell Cycle?
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Cell Cycle Graphic Organizer
Stage/Phase
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Major Event(s)
Mitosis Slides: Onion Root Tip
Diagra m
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Fish Cells in
Mitosis
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Reproduction Notes
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Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Definition:
Definition:
Homologous
Chromosomes
Meiosis
Definition:
Definition:
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Definitions:
1. Haploid
2. Diploid
3. Fertilization
4. Zygote
5. Embryo
6. Specialization
Page 165 # 1,2
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The Role of DNA in Heredity pp194-198
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Questions
1. What did the wheat germ DNA look like?
2. A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you
wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be
visible. How does this statement relate to our DNA extraction?
3. In order to study our genes, scientists must extract the DNA from
human tissue. Would you expect the method of DNA extraction
we used for the wheat germ to be the same for human DNA?
Why or why not?
4. If we were to take cells from your body and extract the DNA, what
would your DNA look like?
5. Is DNA the same in any cell in the human body? Explain your
answer.
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The DNA
Molecule P 194
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Base Pairs
P 194
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What is DNA
Replication? P 195
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The process of DNA
Replication P 195
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Genes and Proteins
P 195
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What are Mutations?
P 198
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Gene mutations
P 198
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Chromosome
Mutations P 198
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DNA: Cracking the CODE
1.
DNA has ____ bases: ( __, __, __, __)
2.
DNA makes up your _________.
3.
_______ control the making of proteins.
4.
Your body is built up from __________.
5.
_________ are the “words” that determine
your traits.
6.
Proteins are made of _______ _______.
7.
__ bases make one ________ _______.
Your trait (see example):
T
A
L
L
BGR RGB BBBr BBBr
Decoded words:
70 __________ _____________
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Page 72: Flowers Vocabulary P 293- 296
WORD
DEFINITION
PICTURE/
EXAMPLE
FLOWER
POLLINATION
STAMEN
POLLEN
PISTIL
STIGMA
OVARY
OVULE
FRUIT
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Gregor Mendel
Mendel’s Work
Mendel’s Peas
Gregor Mendel was a priest
who studied math and
science.
Why study peas?
Mendel grew and observed
hundreds of plants.
Produce lots of offspring
quickly & easily.
Easy to control which plants
mate.
He observed that sometimes
offspring were similar to the
parents & sometimes they
were different.
They have many traits that
only occur in 2 forms.
Mendel’s Experiment
Mendel’s Results
Used purebred plants,
always produce offspring
with the same form of trait
(short plant = short plant)
(tall = tall)
P (parent) generation:
Tall + Short
F1 (offspring) generation:
ALL TALL
Cross pollinated (mated) F2 generation (self
pollinated):
plants with opposite
forms of a trait. (tall
3 Tall : 1 Short
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plant + short plant)
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Show the cross using a Punnett square. Hh x hh
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From the cross above, how many have:
ONE HORN ______ out of 8
TWO HORNS _______ out of 8
Compare this number to your simulation (where you
flipped the sticks). Does the punnett square
predictions match the results of your crosses?
A. They are exactly the same
B. They are close to he same
C. They are very different
D. I have no idea
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What if the female had the genotype Hh.
Show the cross between the new parents Hh x Hh
What percentage has one horn? _____
What percentage has two horns? _____
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Genetics Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Example
Trait
Heredity
Genetics
Purebred (true
breeding)
Hybrid
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Genes
Alleles
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Genotype
Phenotype
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Analysis and Conclusions
1. Use a Punnet Square to predict the phenotypic ratios in this cross:
TTxTt
Short toe _____
Long toe _____
2. Would you expect the coin toss method to give a similar ratio as
the punnett square above?
3. What do the pennies or chips represent in the simulation?
4. When you toss the coin to see which side lands up, you are
actually simulating what part of the process of sexual
reproduction?
5. When you put the two coins that are flipped together, you are
simulating what part of the process of sexual reproduction?
Conclusion paragraph:
In the penny genetics lab….
Male or Female?
Sex-linked Traits
Sex chromosomes carry genes
that determine whether an
individual is female or male.
are carried on the X or Y chromosome.
Female = XX
Male = XY
Males are more likely to have a sexlinked trait that is controlled by a
recessive allele.
Females are often carriers – they can
have the allele but not show the trait.
Incomplete Dominance
is when one allele isn’t
completely dominant over the
other.
Cross a purebred, red-flowered
snapdragon with a purebred,
white -flowered snapdragon
and you end up with pink
snapdragons!
Multiple Alleles
Multiple alleles are also
common in organisms.
In humans for example,
three alleles determine
blood type (A, B, and O).
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Sex-linked genes can have dominant
and recessive alleles.
Co-Dominance
In codominance, an organism
has two different alleles of a
gene and shows both phenotypes
at the same time.
Polygenic Traits
Polygenic traits are determined
by more than one gene.Feather
color in parakeets is
determined by two genes. One
gene controls yellow color and
the other controls blue color.
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Crazy Traits Part 1
Crazy Traits Part II
PARAGRAPH SUMMARY:
TOPIC SENTENCE- should answer the question:
“What role does chance play in heredity?”
EXPLAIN DESCRIBE RESULTS- describe your alien…
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How is it similar/ different to parents and others in
class?
EXAMPLES OF TRAITS WITH:
Dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance
Use NB page 83 or textbook 183 for ideas
WHAT YOU LEARNED, WHAT YOU STILL WONDER
CONCLUSION
Stop and Think Page 51:
a.
b.
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c.
d.
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Analysis and Conclusions
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