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Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Growth and Reproduction in Cells P. 152: What is Cell Division? Picture 2 main ideas in each box P. 153: Chromosomes? P. 154: Cell Cycle? 60 61 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Cell Cycle Graphic Organizer Stage/Phase 62 Major Event(s) Mitosis Slides: Onion Root Tip Diagra m Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Fish Cells in Mitosis 63 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Reproduction Notes 64 Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Definition: Definition: Homologous Chromosomes Meiosis Definition: Definition: 65 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre QuickTime™ and a TIF F (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIF F (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Definitions: 1. Haploid 2. Diploid 3. Fertilization 4. Zygote 5. Embryo 6. Specialization Page 165 # 1,2 QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 66 QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 67 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre The Role of DNA in Heredity pp194-198 QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Questions 1. What did the wheat germ DNA look like? 2. A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible. How does this statement relate to our DNA extraction? 3. In order to study our genes, scientists must extract the DNA from human tissue. Would you expect the method of DNA extraction we used for the wheat germ to be the same for human DNA? Why or why not? 4. If we were to take cells from your body and extract the DNA, what would your DNA look like? 5. Is DNA the same in any cell in the human body? Explain your answer. 68 The DNA Molecule P 194 • • Base Pairs P 194 • • What is DNA Replication? P 195 • • The process of DNA Replication P 195 • • Genes and Proteins P 195 • • What are Mutations? P 198 • • Gene mutations P 198 • • Chromosome Mutations P 198 • • 69 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre DNA: Cracking the CODE 1. DNA has ____ bases: ( __, __, __, __) 2. DNA makes up your _________. 3. _______ control the making of proteins. 4. Your body is built up from __________. 5. _________ are the “words” that determine your traits. 6. Proteins are made of _______ _______. 7. __ bases make one ________ _______. Your trait (see example): T A L L BGR RGB BBBr BBBr Decoded words: 70 __________ _____________ 71 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Page 72: Flowers Vocabulary P 293- 296 WORD DEFINITION PICTURE/ EXAMPLE FLOWER POLLINATION STAMEN POLLEN PISTIL STIGMA OVARY OVULE FRUIT 72 73 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Gregor Mendel Mendel’s Work Mendel’s Peas Gregor Mendel was a priest who studied math and science. Why study peas? Mendel grew and observed hundreds of plants. Produce lots of offspring quickly & easily. Easy to control which plants mate. He observed that sometimes offspring were similar to the parents & sometimes they were different. They have many traits that only occur in 2 forms. Mendel’s Experiment Mendel’s Results Used purebred plants, always produce offspring with the same form of trait (short plant = short plant) (tall = tall) P (parent) generation: Tall + Short F1 (offspring) generation: ALL TALL Cross pollinated (mated) F2 generation (self pollinated): plants with opposite forms of a trait. (tall 3 Tall : 1 Short 74 plant + short plant) 75 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 76 QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 77 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Show the cross using a Punnett square. Hh x hh Quic kTime™ and a TIFF (Unc ompres sed) decompress or are needed to see this picture. From the cross above, how many have: ONE HORN ______ out of 8 TWO HORNS _______ out of 8 Compare this number to your simulation (where you flipped the sticks). Does the punnett square predictions match the results of your crosses? A. They are exactly the same B. They are close to he same C. They are very different D. I have no idea QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. What if the female had the genotype Hh. Show the cross between the new parents Hh x Hh What percentage has one horn? _____ What percentage has two horns? _____ 78 Quic kTime™ and a TIFF (Unc ompres sed) decompress or are needed to see this picture. 79 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Genetics Vocabulary Word Definition Example Trait Heredity Genetics Purebred (true breeding) Hybrid QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Genes Alleles Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Genotype Phenotype 80 81 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Analysis and Conclusions 1. Use a Punnet Square to predict the phenotypic ratios in this cross: TTxTt Short toe _____ Long toe _____ 2. Would you expect the coin toss method to give a similar ratio as the punnett square above? 3. What do the pennies or chips represent in the simulation? 4. When you toss the coin to see which side lands up, you are actually simulating what part of the process of sexual reproduction? 5. When you put the two coins that are flipped together, you are simulating what part of the process of sexual reproduction? Conclusion paragraph: In the penny genetics lab…. Male or Female? Sex-linked Traits Sex chromosomes carry genes that determine whether an individual is female or male. are carried on the X or Y chromosome. Female = XX Male = XY Males are more likely to have a sexlinked trait that is controlled by a recessive allele. Females are often carriers – they can have the allele but not show the trait. Incomplete Dominance is when one allele isn’t completely dominant over the other. Cross a purebred, red-flowered snapdragon with a purebred, white -flowered snapdragon and you end up with pink snapdragons! Multiple Alleles Multiple alleles are also common in organisms. In humans for example, three alleles determine blood type (A, B, and O). 82 Sex-linked genes can have dominant and recessive alleles. Co-Dominance In codominance, an organism has two different alleles of a gene and shows both phenotypes at the same time. Polygenic Traits Polygenic traits are determined by more than one gene.Feather color in parakeets is determined by two genes. One gene controls yellow color and the other controls blue color. 83 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Crazy Traits Part 1 Crazy Traits Part II PARAGRAPH SUMMARY: TOPIC SENTENCE- should answer the question: “What role does chance play in heredity?” EXPLAIN DESCRIBE RESULTS- describe your alien… QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. How is it similar/ different to parents and others in class? EXAMPLES OF TRAITS WITH: Dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance Use NB page 83 or textbook 183 for ideas WHAT YOU LEARNED, WHAT YOU STILL WONDER CONCLUSION Stop and Think Page 51: a. b. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. c. d. 84 85 Science Notebook Layout DON’T COPY UNDERLINED TEXT Mrs. Aguirre’s Webpage: http://www.quia.com/profiles/caguirre Analysis and Conclusions 86 87