Download Biology 1060 Chapter 17 - College of Southern Maryland

Biology 1060
Chapter 17
From Gene to Protein
Genetic Information
Important: Fig. 17.26
Describe how genes control phenotype
– E.g., explain dwarfism in peas
Discuss “inborn errors of metabolism”
– Give examples
Genetic Information continued
Describe how nutritional mutants of
Neurospora crassa were detected
– How did the experimenters elucidate the
arginine metabolic pathway
Describe how and why the one gene-one
protein hypothesis has been modified
Transcription and Translation
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
Describe transcription and its products
Describe translation and its products
Compare and contrast transcription and
translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Genetic Code
Define codon
– Describe the importance of codons
Discuss the template strand of DNA
– Explain its importance
Discuss the relationship of nucleotides and
amino acids
Genetic Code continued
Describe the first experiment to identify the
meaning of a specific codon
– Name the amino acids coded for by UUU,
AAA, GGG, CCC
Discuss how codons allow control of
translation
Translation
Discuss redundancy and ambiguity in the
genetic code
Discuss the importance of reading frame
in translation
Discuss the significance of the near
universality of the genetic code
Evolution Connection p. 333
Transcription
Compare and contrast transcription in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Describe the three stages of transcription
Discuss the factors important in RNA
polymerase binding and initiation of transcription
Discuss how the cell increases the efficiency of
transcription to mRNA
Describe termination in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
RNA Modification in Eukaryotes
Describe the modifications of mRNA
– Discuss their functions
Differentiate between introns and exons in
RNA splicing
Discuss the importance of snRNPs,
snRNA, and spliceosome
Name the significant properties of
ribozymes
Importance of Introns
Describe the possible role of introns in the
cell
Describe the importance of alternative
RNA splicing due to exon shuffling
Discuss the importance of domains in
proteins
Scientific Inquiry p. 333
Transfer RNA
Describe how tRNA participates in
translation
Describe how tRNA structure is formed
– How is structure related to function
Explain the role of aminoacyl-tRNAsynthase and wobble
Ribosomes
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and
eukaryotic ribosomes
– Explain the medical importance of differences
between them
Discuss the sites of ribosomes and their
contribution to translation
Translation
Describe the initiation of translation
Describe the elongation in translation
Discuss the process of termination of
translation
Discuss the significance of polyribosomes
Proteins
Describe how proteins are modified after
translation
– Explain the significance of the modifications
Relate the locations of ribosomes and the
sites of function of their products
Discuss the functions of signal peptides
and signal-recognition particle (SRP)
Gene Expression
Compare and contrast
– Transcription and translation
In prokaryotes
In eukaryotes
Mutation
Describe a point mutation and possible
effects
Describe the types of point mutation and
explain their effects
Define mutagen and discuss their effects
Define a gene
Science, Technology, and Society p. 333