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Download MENDEL Fundamentals of Genetics _1_
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Transcript
Fundamentals of Genetics Gregor Mendel: Genetics Pioneer •Genetics = study of __________. genes •Gregor Mendel – Australian Monk •Identified 7 pairs of contrasting characteristics pea __________. plants in _______ Mendel’s Experiment •Developed pure strains for each of the 14 characteristics by self pollination (pollen from anther to stigma of same flower or plant) •Then, cross pollinated •Parent plants = P1 generation •First generation of offspring = F1 generation F2 generation •Second generation of offspring = ____ Mendel’s Results P1: green pods x yellow pods ---------> all green pods (F1) F1: green pods x green pods -------> ¾ green pods, ¼ yellow pods •Mendel got the same ¾ to ¼ ratio or each ____ pair of pure traits he tested Genes and Appearance Genotype: gene combination present Example: TT, Tt, tt Phenotype: Physical _______ appearance __________ due to gene action Example: tall, tall, short Homozygous: both gene of pair Chromosomes ______________ (same) Example: TT, tt Heterozygous: genes of pair _____________ Chromosomes (different) Example: Tt Also called a hybrid Alleles: contrasting traits for the same characteristic Example: tallness and shortness Multiple Alleles: traits with more than two alleles Example: blood type (A, B, O) 2 (two) How many of these possible different genes can you inherit? __________________ Mendel’s Conclusions Principles of Dominance and Recessiveness expression = one factor in a pair may mask the other, preventing its ______________. Law of Segregation = a pair of factors is segregated, or separated during the formation of gametes Law of Independent Assortment = factors are distributed to gametes separate of other factors *Later found to be untrue where gene linkage is present Modern Look at Mendel’s Work genes • Mendel’s factors = _______. • Letters used to represent gene pairs: – Capital letters for dominant genes – Lower case letters for recessive _________ genes Example: Tallness vs. Shortness T = tall gene t = short gene Tall TT = _____ Tall Tt = _____ tt =Short ____
