Download Genetics

GENETICS
Lab Biology- Chapter 9
Honors Biology- Chapter 12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS

Modified genome of an organism
 Takes
DNA from multiple sources and combine
them to form a new genome
 DNA
from same species
 DNA from different species- Transgenic organisms
GOLDEN RICE
Insertion of
genes to produce
a precursor of
vitamin A (betacarotene)
 Helps areas
where there is a
shortage of
dietary vitamin A

White rice
Golden rice
DANGERS OF GMO’S
Unexpected
allergies
 Introduction of
new genes to a
population
 Creation of
invasive species

HONORS- GENE EXPRESSION- EUKARYOTES
Gene expression- activation of a gene that
results in the formation of a protein
 Chromosome coiling

 Euchromatin-
uncoiled form
 Heterochromatin- condensed form
HONORS- TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Transcription factors
 Proteins
that regulate transcription
 Enhancer- noncoding sequence that helps activate
transcription
GENETICS

Study of how traits are passed from parent to
offspring
 Gene-
unit of heredity found of a DNA molecule
 Encodes
for a trait
CHROMOSOMES OCCUR IN PAIRS
GENES OCCUR IN PAIRS
ALLELE

Allele- symbols (letters) used to represent
genes
Potential alternate forms
 Ex. T=tall, t= short

DOMINANT


Trait expressed
Capital letter


T=tall, B= purple
Masks another trait
RECESSIVE




Trait that may not be
expressed
Lowercase letter
t= short, b=white
Only expressed when there
is no dominant trait present
HOMOZYGOUS/PURE

Both alleles are the same

Examples:
 TT



tt
bb
CC
HETEROZYGOUS/ HYBRID

Alleles differ

Examples:
 Tt
 Bb
 Cc
GENOTYPE
 Genetic
make up
 Examples:
homozygous,
heterozygous, GG, Bb, Qq
PHENOTYPE
 Physical
appearance
 Examples:
 Tall,
short, blue, wrinkled
CROSS

Symbolic of reproduction
 _________x

___________
P Generation= Parental
generation

F1= first generation

F2= second generation
PUNNET SQUARE

Diagram used to predict the phenotype and
genotype of offspring
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/gen
bio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.ht
ml
Does not work on iPads
http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html
REMEMBER!

Genetic recombination
 Scrambling
 Occurs
of genes
in meiosis during
prophase 1
 Can
alter probability of
genotype and phenotype
ratios