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Transcript
Types of Transport Across Cell Membranes Simple Diffusion • Requires NO energy, passive movement • Molecules move from area of HIGH to LOW concentration • Random movement of particles Brownian Movement Diffusion of Liquids Diffusion through a Membrane Cell membrane Solute moves DOWN concentration gradient (HIGH to LOW) Osmosis • Diffusion of WATER across a membrane • Moves from HIGH water concentration to LOW water concentration Diffusion across a membrane Semipermeable membrane Three types of conditions • Isotonic solutions – When the amount of solutes is equal inside and outside of cell (cell will stay the same) • Hypotonic solution – When solutes outside are lower than inside cell (cell will swell) * more water outside • Hypertonic solution – When solutes outside are higher than inside cell (cell will shrink) * more water inside cell Cell in Isotonic Solution 10% NaCL 90% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 10% NaCL 90% H2O NO NET MOVEMENT What is the direction of water movement? equilibrium The cell is at _______________. Cell in Hypotonic Solution 10% NaCL 90% H2O CELL 20% NaCL 80% H2O H2O What is the direction of water movement? Cell in Hypertonic Solution 15% NaCL 85% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 5% NaCL 95% H2O H2O What is the direction of water movement? Cells in Solutions Isotonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Hypotonic Solution CYTOLYSIS Hypertonic Solution PLASMOLYSIS Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Hypertonic Isotonic Isotonic Hypotonic Moving Things in and out of Cells Cellular Transport A.Passive Transport (2 types) 1.Simple Diffusion Doesn’t require energy Moves high to low concentration (Down) Example: Oxygen or water diffusing into a cell and carbon dioxide diffusing out. 2. Facilitated diffusion Doesn’t require energy Uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell. 2.Facilitated Diffusion Molecules will randomly move through the pores in Channel Proteins. 2.Facilitated Diffusion • Some Carrier proteins do not extend through the membrane. • They bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side. B.Active Transport Requires energy or ATP Moves materials from LOW to HIGH concentration AGAINST (up) concentration gradient Sodium-Potassium Pump 3 Na+ pumped in for every 2 K+ pumped out; creates a membrane potential 1. Endocytosis Moving the “Big Stuff” Large molecules move materials into the cell by. Endocytosis • Cell forms an invagination • Materials dissolve in water to be brought into cell • Called “Cell Drinking” 2.Exocytosis The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released out of the cell through the cell membrane. Inside Cell Cell environment Exocytosis