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DNA –Protein synthesis What are the two nucleic acids called? DNA and RNA Where is DNA found in the cell? In the nucleus What is the Function of DNA? To store genetic information DNA is made of what repeating units Nucleotides A nucleotide Is made of now many parts? Three ( 3 ) Name the Parts of a nucleotide 1.Sugar 2.Phosphate 3.Nitrogen base This is a nucleotide In DNA the Nitrogen bases are __, __, __, __ Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Adenine Thymine Deoxyribose Guanine Deoxyribose Deoxyribose Cytosine Deoxyribose (b) Fig. 11. 06b _____ Bonds Connect the Nitrogen bases Weak Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen bonds In DNA what Base pairs with Adenine? Thymine In DNA what Base pairs with Cytosine? Guanine Where are the Nitrogen bases Located in DNA In the middle Of the ladder (the rungs) What is the sugar in DNA called? Deoxyribose What makes Up the sides Of DNA Sugar and Phosphate molecules When DNA Copies itself DNA Replication What is the Other type of Nucleic acid? RNA Ribonucleic Acid What is the function of RNA To make protein How many types of RNA are there Three ( 3) RNA Structure What is the Sugar in RNA Ribose What nitrogen base is in RNA, but not in DNA? Uracil Uracil pairs With ______ Adenine Name the three Types of RNA rRNA mRNA tRNA Which type of RNA makes ribosomes rRNA tRNA delivers Amino acids The process of Making protein Is also called ___ expression “Gene” expression What is the first step in protein synthesis? Transcription Where does transcription occur? In the nucleus What is made During transcription? RNA What type of RNA carries Instructions to the cytoplasm mRNA mRNA give Instructions for making _____ Protein The second step of protein synthesis is _______________ Translation Translation occurs in the _________ Cytoplasm, on a ______ Ribosome RNA Structure •RNA is made like DNA •Sugar-phosphate backbone •-OH at the #2 C on the ribose, vs. deoxyribose in DNA •U substitutes for T •Can self-associate, just like DNA •Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded RNA Structure •Where it self-associates, U pairs with A; G with C •Multiple types: •mRNA: Messenger RNA: carries information •tRNA: Transfer RNA: carries a.a. •One unique tRNA for each a.a. •rRNA: most prevalent type, in ribosome 3 bases on mRNA are called a ___________ Codon 3 bases on tRNA are called an _________ Anti-codon RNA Structure •RNA is made like DNA •Sugar-phosphate backbone •-OH at the #2 C on the ribose, vs. deoxyribose in DNA •U substitutes for T •Can self-associate, just like DNA •Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded RNA Structure •Where it self-associates, U pairs with A; G with C •Multiple types: •mRNA: Messenger RNA: carries information •tRNA: Transfer RNA: carries a.a. •One unique tRNA for each a.a. •rRNA: most prevalent type, in ribosome What a.a. is this? The codon AUG =amino acid (Met) A change in the DNA Mutation Chromosomal Mutations Deletion or addition of an additional segment • Breakage • Effects:– very serious, often lethal • Point Mutations Point Mutations Affect only 1 amino acid Remember to Look over your DNA fingerprint information • Deletion or addition of an additional segment • Breakage • Effects: 1 to multiple proteins lost – very serious, often lethal