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Protein Synthesis and
Nuclear Control
Do You Know How The Nucleus
Controls The Cell?
Protein Synthesis
Today I’ll be talking about Protein Synthesis
and how the Nucleus uses it to control the cell.
Why should you know about it?
Because I say so!!! Just kidding.
Really this process is one of the secrets of life so
pay close attention. Today, ideas that are written
in RED you should write down in your notes. Of
course you can write down more if you want to
 So you can write the title of your notes like
the title above (Since it’s in red).
The Central Dogma
DNA--------------RNA------------Protein
DNA makes RNA makes Protein
DNA
DNA is the Genetic code of an organism
The Cell’s DNA is in the nucleus
DNA is wound in a double helix. It is made of two
sugar/phosphate strands with bases that are bonded
together by hydrogen bonds.
A bonds with T
Can you think of an
acronym to help you
remember this?
C bonds with G
I use: AT Coast Guard
Base Paring:
Don’t know why, it just
helps me remember.
Click For More Detail On DNA
Transcription and Translation
Remember our theme that DNARNAProtein
Transcription is when the DNA makes RNA
Translation is when the RNA makes Protein
ribosome
Do you remember where in the cell protein is made?
Do you remember where in the cell the DNA is?
Transcription
•Happens in the Nucleus
•DNA unwinds and RNA polymerase makes
mRNA (messenger RNA) from the DNA.
•RNA is like DNA but is single stranded. The
other difference is that T is replaced with U in
RNA. The RNA is formed by matching bases to
the single strand of DNA.
•mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear
pores and goes to the Ribosome for Protein
Synthesis (Translation)
Translation
Translation is Protein Synthesis and occurs at
the Ribosomes
•mRNA bonds to the ribosome
•tRNA (transfer RNA) moves to the ribosome
and matches to three bases segments of mRNA
called codons.
•Each tRNA is carrying an Amino Acid
•Amino Acids form peptide bonds to make
Proteins
Any ideas how to remember the difference
between Transcription and Translation?
Well, I don’t know but in school a transcript is the
record of all the grade you got in classes. If you get
a complete transcript it translates (see, translation
) into a diploma or degree. A diploma is a
building block like protein and that can speed up
getting jobs and other opportunities like enzymes
can catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions.
I bet you can come up with something better than that.
Essay Time!
Protein synthesis produces the enzymes
and building blocks of the cell. Protein
synthesis starts in the nucleus where the DNA
holds the code for the proteins. Messenger
RNA copies the code for the protein.
Messenger RNA is transported out of the
nucleus to the ribosomes. Transfer RNA
brings the correct amino acids to the
ribosomes. The amino acids are joined
together at the ribosome making the correct
protein. Protein synthesis is important to the
cell because it is used to build the cell and
control the reactions of the cell.
THE END