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Hydrogen bond (H-bonds) thymine adenine cytosine guanine phosphate deoxyribose sugar Sugar / phosphate “strand” Nitrogenous base “rung” DNA nucleotide Deoxyribose sugar phosphate RNA nucleotide ribose sugar Nitrogenous base (guanine) phosphate Nitrogenous base (uracil) Step 1: Hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases break DNA “unzips” DNA Polymerase is the Enzyme that causes this. Step 2: DNA strands pull apart from each other Step 3: DNA nucleotides in the cell match up with each side of the “unzipped” DNA each “unzipped’ strands forms a template for a new strand Step 4: Each “old’ strand forms a template for a “new” strand two identical DNA molecules form “new” strand, identical sequence to the original “old” (original) strand Step 1: Hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases break DNA “unzips” RNA Polymerase is the Enzyme that causes this Step 2: DNA strands pull apart from each other Step 3: RNA nucleotides in the cell match up with only one side of the “unzipped” DNA each “unzipped’ strands forms a template for a mRNA strand RNA nucleotide Step 4: RNA nucleotides continue to match up with “unzipped” DNA until the message is completely transcribed mRNA strand One side of DNA strand mRNA strand Step 4: mRNA strand breaks off from the DNA strand One side of DNA strand Step 5: mRNA strand leaves the nucleus for the ribosome Step 6: Once the mRNA leaves, the DNA “zips” back together In the ribosome, the “message” on RNA is decoded and used to sequence amino acids. The result of Translation is a new protein Sequence of 3 Bases (codons) Corresponds with an Amino Acid 64 Codons 20 Amino Acids Proteins are sequences of specific amino acids