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Nucleic Acids Information Storage and Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Basics Made of C,H,O,N,P SPONCH Monomer is a nucleotide Functions - information storage - information transfer - energy transfer Meet the Monomer-Nucleotide P = Phosphate Group S= 5 Carbon Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) B= Nitrogen Base Meet the Polymer • Polymers of nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides joined by condensation reactions • They are held together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another - called phosphodiester bonds Meet the Polymers • DNA 2 chains of nucleotides held together by H Bonds RNA Nucleic Acid Types-DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid • made of two strands of nucleotides • Form a double helix • DNA stores hereditary information - recipes for the proteins • found in the cell’s nucleus Nucleic Acid Types- RNA • • • • Ribonucleic Acid Single strand of nucleotides forms a single helix transfers information from the DNA to the ribosomes - carries a protein recipe to the ribosome -ribosomes are structures in a cell that make protein DNA- stores protein recipes in the nucleus RNA – transfers them to the ribosome to be built DNA vs. RNA • Double stranded Single Stranded • Sugar–Deoxyribose Sugar – ribose • Nitrogen Bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nitrogen Bases Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine Base Pairing Nucleic Acid Types - ATP • • • • Adenosine Tri-Phosphate ATP is a single nucleotide high energy molecule produced by cellular respiration • transfers energy within cells DNA/RNA vs. ATP DNA or RNA ATP Nucleic Acid Types-ADP • Adenosine Di-Phosphate • Single nucleotide • “rechargeable” energy transfer molecule • Lower energy than ATP • Cellular respiration converts ADP into ATP Gene Expression • DNA contains the original message • mRNA copies the message with “opposite” image = transcription • tRNA brings amino acids to mRNA in ribosome = translation • Codon-anticodon relationship Codon-anticodon relationship Flashcards for Fun and Profit • • • • • • • • • Elements found in Nucleic Acids Functions of Nucleic Acids Parts of a nucleotide Phosphodiester bonds Structure and function of DNA Role of H bonds in DNA Structure and function of RNA Structure and function of ATP Structure and function of ADP