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Nucleic Acids
Information Storage and Energy Transfer
Nucleic Acid Basics
 Made of C,H,O,N,P
SPONCH
 Monomer is a nucleotide
 Functions
- information storage
- information transfer
- energy transfer
Meet the Monomer-Nucleotide
P = Phosphate Group
S= 5 Carbon Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
B= Nitrogen Base
Meet the Polymer
• Polymers of nucleic acids are chains of
nucleotides joined by condensation reactions
• They are held together by covalent bonds
between the sugar of one nucleotide and the
phosphate of another
- called phosphodiester bonds
Meet the Polymers
• DNA 2 chains of
nucleotides held
together by H Bonds
RNA
Nucleic Acid Types-DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• made of two strands of
nucleotides
• Form a double helix
• DNA stores hereditary
information
- recipes for the
proteins
• found in the cell’s
nucleus
Nucleic Acid Types- RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid
Single strand of nucleotides
forms a single helix
transfers information from
the DNA to the ribosomes
- carries a protein recipe to
the ribosome
-ribosomes are structures in a cell
that make protein
DNA- stores protein recipes in the nucleus
RNA – transfers them to the ribosome to be built
DNA vs. RNA
• Double stranded
Single Stranded
• Sugar–Deoxyribose
Sugar – ribose
• Nitrogen Bases
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Nitrogen Bases
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Base Pairing
Nucleic Acid Types - ATP
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Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
ATP is a single nucleotide
high energy molecule
produced by cellular
respiration
• transfers energy within
cells
DNA/RNA vs. ATP
DNA or RNA
ATP
Nucleic Acid Types-ADP
• Adenosine Di-Phosphate
• Single nucleotide
• “rechargeable” energy
transfer molecule
• Lower energy than ATP
• Cellular respiration converts
ADP into ATP
Gene Expression
• DNA contains the original message
• mRNA copies the message with “opposite”
image = transcription
• tRNA brings amino acids to mRNA in ribosome
= translation
• Codon-anticodon relationship
Codon-anticodon relationship
Flashcards for Fun and Profit
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Elements found in Nucleic Acids
Functions of Nucleic Acids
Parts of a nucleotide
Phosphodiester bonds
Structure and function of DNA
Role of H bonds in DNA
Structure and function of RNA
Structure and function of ATP
Structure and function of ADP