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Protein Synthesis REVIEW
DNA and
Protein
Synthesis
Transcrip- Translation Misc…
tion
DNA
Replication
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What determines the nucleotide sequence of
the newly synthesized strand during DNA
replication?
A) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing
the reaction.
B) The amounts of the four nucleotides in the
cell.
C) The nucleotide sequence of the template
strand.
D) The primase used in the reaction.
E) The arrangement of histones in the sugar
phosphate backbone.
C
200
A mutation in which of the following parts of
a gene is likely to be most damaging to
the cell?
A) Intron
B) Exon
C) Lipid
D) Sugar
E) All would be equally damaging
B
300
Which enzyme brings in new
nucleotides during DNA Replication?
A) Primase
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA polymerase
D) Topoisomerase
E) Helicase
C
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When does translation begin in prokaryotic
cells?
A) After a transcription initiation complex
has been formed.
B) As soon as transcription has begun.
C) After the 5’ caps are converted to mRNA
D) Once the pre-mRNA has been converted
to mRNA.
E) As soon as the DNA introns are removed
from the template.
B
500
Put these events in order of protein synthesis.
1. A tRNA binds to the A site.
2. A peptide bond forms between the new
amino acid and the polypeptide chain.
3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site
remains vacant.
4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with
mRNA.
5. tRNA translocates to the P site.
4, 1, 2, 5, 3
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During transcription…
A) proteins are synthesized
B) DNA is replicated
C) RNA is produced
D) DNA leaves the nucleus
E) translation occurs
C
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Which enzyme helps during transcription?
A) DNA Polymerase
B) RNA Polymerase
C) Helicase
D) Ligase
E) Proteiase
B
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Where does transcription occur within
a cell?
Nucleus
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Which type of RNA is produced during
transcription?
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) cRNA
E) RNA is not produced during transcription.
A
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After the RNA has been made during
translation, what has to occur to
finalize the RNA before it leaves the
nucleus?
A) Removal of the introns and exons leave
the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm.
B) Removal of the exons and introns leave
the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm.
C) Nothing has to be done to the RNA
before leaving the nucleus.
A
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Where does translation occur within a
cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Cytoplasm
D) Rough ER
E) All of the above, except for A.
E
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Which type of RNA is involved with translation?
A) mRNA
B)
C)
D)
E)
D
rRNA
tRNA
All of the above
None of the above
300
In translation, what type of RNA holds
the codon and what type of RNA holds
the anticodon?
mRNA has codon
tRNA has anticodon
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On the ribosome, what are the names
of the three sites that tRNA can
attach to during translation?
A, P, and E
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What terminates the translation
process?
A stop codon
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mRNA : nucleus::
A) Nucleus : protein
B) Protein : cytoplasm
C) Nucleus : ribosome
D) Protein : nucleus
B
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How many start codons are there for
translation? How many stop codons are
there?
1 start
3 stops
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)…
A) Carries an amino acid to its correct
codon.
B) Makes the amino acids as they are
needed.
C) Produces codons to match the correct
anticodons.
D) Converts DNA to RNA
A
400
Change this DNA strand into RNA.
AAC GTA CTT AGC CCT
UUG CAU GAA UCG GGA
500
Give three differences between DNA
and RNA.
Sugar, nitrogen bases, number of
strands
100
Which of the following separates the
strands of DNA during replication?
A) Helicase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Primase
E) Exonuclease
A
B
200
Replication in prokaryotes differs from
replication in eukaryotes for which of these
reasons?
A) The prokaryotic chromosomes has histones,
whereas eukaryotic does not.
B) Prokaryotic chromosomes have single origin
of replication, whereas eukaryotic has many
origins.
C) The rate of elongation during DNA
replication is lower in prokaryotes than in
eukaryotes.
D) Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments
during replication, but eukaryotes do not.
E) Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes
do not.
300
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that…
A) The leading strand is made in the same direction
as the movement of the replication fork, and the
lagging strand is made in the opposite direction.
B) The leading strand is made by adding
nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand,
and the lagging strand is made by adding to the
5’ end.
C) The lagging strand is made continuously, where
as the leading is made in short fragments.
D) The leading strand is made at twice the rate of
the lagging.
A
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The new DNA strand elongates only in the 5’ to 3’
direction because…
A) DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the
5’ end.
B) Okazaki framents prevent elongation in the 3’ to
5’ direction.
C) The polarity of the DNA molecule prevents
addition of nucleotides at the 3’ end.
D) Repliction must progress towards the replication
fork.
E) DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the
free 3’ end.
E
500
What is meant by the description “antiparallel”
regarding the strands that make up DNA?
A) Twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel
strands.
B) The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs
counter to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the
other strand.
C) Base paring creates unequal spacing between
the two DNA strands.
D) One strand is positively charged and the
other is negatively charged.
E) One strand contains only purines and the
other contains only pyrimidines.
B