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Protein Synthesis REVIEW DNA and Protein Synthesis Transcrip- Translation Misc… tion DNA Replication 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 100 What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication? A) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction. B) The amounts of the four nucleotides in the cell. C) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand. D) The primase used in the reaction. E) The arrangement of histones in the sugar phosphate backbone. C 200 A mutation in which of the following parts of a gene is likely to be most damaging to the cell? A) Intron B) Exon C) Lipid D) Sugar E) All would be equally damaging B 300 Which enzyme brings in new nucleotides during DNA Replication? A) Primase B) DNA ligase C) DNA polymerase D) Topoisomerase E) Helicase C 400 When does translation begin in prokaryotic cells? A) After a transcription initiation complex has been formed. B) As soon as transcription has begun. C) After the 5’ caps are converted to mRNA D) Once the pre-mRNA has been converted to mRNA. E) As soon as the DNA introns are removed from the template. B 500 Put these events in order of protein synthesis. 1. A tRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and the polypeptide chain. 3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant. 4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA. 5. tRNA translocates to the P site. 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 100 During transcription… A) proteins are synthesized B) DNA is replicated C) RNA is produced D) DNA leaves the nucleus E) translation occurs C 200 Which enzyme helps during transcription? A) DNA Polymerase B) RNA Polymerase C) Helicase D) Ligase E) Proteiase B 300 Where does transcription occur within a cell? Nucleus 400 Which type of RNA is produced during transcription? A) mRNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) cRNA E) RNA is not produced during transcription. A 500 After the RNA has been made during translation, what has to occur to finalize the RNA before it leaves the nucleus? A) Removal of the introns and exons leave the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm. B) Removal of the exons and introns leave the nucleus and go into the cytoplasm. C) Nothing has to be done to the RNA before leaving the nucleus. A 100 Where does translation occur within a cell? A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Cytoplasm D) Rough ER E) All of the above, except for A. E 200 Which type of RNA is involved with translation? A) mRNA B) C) D) E) D rRNA tRNA All of the above None of the above 300 In translation, what type of RNA holds the codon and what type of RNA holds the anticodon? mRNA has codon tRNA has anticodon 400 On the ribosome, what are the names of the three sites that tRNA can attach to during translation? A, P, and E 500 What terminates the translation process? A stop codon 100 mRNA : nucleus:: A) Nucleus : protein B) Protein : cytoplasm C) Nucleus : ribosome D) Protein : nucleus B 200 How many start codons are there for translation? How many stop codons are there? 1 start 3 stops 300 Transfer RNA (tRNA)… A) Carries an amino acid to its correct codon. B) Makes the amino acids as they are needed. C) Produces codons to match the correct anticodons. D) Converts DNA to RNA A 400 Change this DNA strand into RNA. AAC GTA CTT AGC CCT UUG CAU GAA UCG GGA 500 Give three differences between DNA and RNA. Sugar, nitrogen bases, number of strands 100 Which of the following separates the strands of DNA during replication? A) Helicase B) DNA polymerase C) Ligase D) Primase E) Exonuclease A B 200 Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of these reasons? A) The prokaryotic chromosomes has histones, whereas eukaryotic does not. B) Prokaryotic chromosomes have single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic has many origins. C) The rate of elongation during DNA replication is lower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. D) Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during replication, but eukaryotes do not. E) Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not. 300 The leading and the lagging strands differ in that… A) The leading strand is made in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is made in the opposite direction. B) The leading strand is made by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is made by adding to the 5’ end. C) The lagging strand is made continuously, where as the leading is made in short fragments. D) The leading strand is made at twice the rate of the lagging. A 400 The new DNA strand elongates only in the 5’ to 3’ direction because… A) DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5’ end. B) Okazaki framents prevent elongation in the 3’ to 5’ direction. C) The polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3’ end. D) Repliction must progress towards the replication fork. E) DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3’ end. E 500 What is meant by the description “antiparallel” regarding the strands that make up DNA? A) Twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. B) The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand. C) Base paring creates unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. D) One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. E) One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines. B