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Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3
I. B. Cell Theory
The cell is the basic living unit of structure
and function.
– All organisms are composed of one or more
cells.
All cells come from other cells.
Took ~200 years to become established.
II. Organelles in:
Animal
Plant
II. A. Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Membrane that
contains the entire
cell.
Allows material
into or out of the
cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Not always described as an organelle.
Semi-fluid “filling” that contains the
organelles.
“Streaming” -- movement of the cytoplasm
Assists in transport of some materials as
well as movement of the organelles.
II. B. Cell Wall
Cell Wall
Made primarily of
cellulose
Gives structure and
shape to the cell.
Found in bacteria,
plants, fungi, some
protists
II. C. Nucleus
Nucleus
Membrane
enclosed area
Contains DNA,
genetic material.
Has pores in it.
II. E. Rough ER ( Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Folded membrane in
the cytoplasm
Transports and
modifies protein
II. D. Ribosomes
In cytoplasm or on ER
making it Rough ER.
Site of Protein
Synthesis.
II. E. Smooth ER ( Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Smooth ER
Folded membrane
without Ribosomes
Various functions
Lipid synthesis
II. H. Vesicles/Vacuoles
Vacuole/Vesicle
Membrane enclosed
storage space
usually temporary
Central Vacuole
Central Vacuole
Found in plants.
Large storage area.
Pushes other organelles to the
outside of the cell.
II. I. Mitochondria
Mitochondrion
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Mitochondria
Membrane
enclosed
compartment
Cell respiration
Energy release
Not in bacteria
II. J. Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Has own ribosomes
and DNA
Double
membrane
organelle
green
Converts sun
energy to stored
energy in sugars
(photosynthesis)
Found in Plants,
some protists
Chloroplast
Outer Membrane
Stroma
Grana
Ribosomes
DNA
II. K. Curious About These 2
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have
DNA and ribosomes of their own.
Each different from the cell Double
membrane
Present day cyanobacteria have parts
similar to grana; these still present in
chloroplasts
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Some organelles may have once been
living cells on their own.
Ingested but not digested.
Cell got benefit from the ingested cell.
Symbiotic relationship developed.
IV. Cell Organelles - Recap
Bacteria Protist Fungi
C. Wall
Chloro.
Mitoch.
Nucleus
Plant Animal