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Transcript
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 3 I. B. Cell Theory The cell is the basic living unit of structure and function. – All organisms are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from other cells. Took ~200 years to become established. II. Organelles in: Animal Plant II. A. Cell Membrane Cell Membrane Membrane that contains the entire cell. Allows material into or out of the cell. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Not always described as an organelle. Semi-fluid “filling” that contains the organelles. “Streaming” -- movement of the cytoplasm Assists in transport of some materials as well as movement of the organelles. II. B. Cell Wall Cell Wall Made primarily of cellulose Gives structure and shape to the cell. Found in bacteria, plants, fungi, some protists II. C. Nucleus Nucleus Membrane enclosed area Contains DNA, genetic material. Has pores in it. II. E. Rough ER ( Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) Endoplasmic Reticulum Folded membrane in the cytoplasm Transports and modifies protein II. D. Ribosomes In cytoplasm or on ER making it Rough ER. Site of Protein Synthesis. II. E. Smooth ER ( Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) Smooth ER Folded membrane without Ribosomes Various functions Lipid synthesis II. H. Vesicles/Vacuoles Vacuole/Vesicle Membrane enclosed storage space usually temporary Central Vacuole Central Vacuole Found in plants. Large storage area. Pushes other organelles to the outside of the cell. II. I. Mitochondria Mitochondrion Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Ribosomes DNA Mitochondria Membrane enclosed compartment Cell respiration Energy release Not in bacteria II. J. Chloroplasts Chloroplast Has own ribosomes and DNA Double membrane organelle green Converts sun energy to stored energy in sugars (photosynthesis) Found in Plants, some protists Chloroplast Outer Membrane Stroma Grana Ribosomes DNA II. K. Curious About These 2 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have DNA and ribosomes of their own. Each different from the cell Double membrane Present day cyanobacteria have parts similar to grana; these still present in chloroplasts Endosymbiont Hypothesis Some organelles may have once been living cells on their own. Ingested but not digested. Cell got benefit from the ingested cell. Symbiotic relationship developed. IV. Cell Organelles - Recap Bacteria Protist Fungi C. Wall Chloro. Mitoch. Nucleus Plant Animal