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Transcript
September 20, 2011 T – Finish microscope lab A – what you don’t finish in class is homework L – none E – none Bellringer 9/20/11 1. True or False: Animal cells have chloroplasts and plant cells do not. 2. Which is a plant cell, A or B? How did you know? A B September 21, 2011 T – Cornell notes on parts of a cell A – none L – finishing microscope lab E – none Bellringer 9/21/11 Pop Quiz write this on a separate sheet of loose leaf paper to turn in 1. On 9/6/11, what was the answer to #2? 2. On 9/9/11, what was the answer to #1? 3. On 9/13/11, what was the answer to #1 (should be 2 separate things)? 4. On 9/19/11, what was the answer to #3? 5. On 9/20/11, what was the answer to #1? September 22, 2011 T – Continue Cell Parts A – none L – what you don’t finish in class is homework E – Tutorials after school today til 5pm Bellringer 9/22/11 1. True or False: A semi-permeable barrier means a barrier that will let some things through and keep other things out. 2. Lipids are a. like fats b. like proteins c. don’t like water d. both A and C Animal Cell Organization Learning the Parts of a Cell September 23, 2011 T – Complete Cell Diagram A – none L – ISN complete? E – Tutorials Monday 3:455:00pm Bellringer 9/23/11 1. Put these words in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST: Tissue, organ systems, cell, organelle, organ 1. The “powerhouse” of the cell is a. cell membrane b. ribosomes c. mitochondria d. golgi apparatus Cell Basics • • • • • All living things are made of cells There are trillions of cells in your body New cells are constantly replacing old cells Cells contain parts called organelles Plant and animal cells are different but we are going to focus on the animal cell The Building Blocks of Life Cells are small units that hold all of the biological equipment needed to keep an organism alive • Organization • Carry Out Different Functions • Hold Hereditary Information The Different Parts • • • • • • • • • • • Cell Membrane Nucleus DNA/Chromosomes Proteins Ribosomes Vesicles Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Vacuoles Lysosomes There are so many parts, how can we learn them all? Compare the parts of a cell to something easier to understand and more memorable!! How about a Cookie Factory? The Different Parts • • • • • • • • • • • • Factory Building Walls and Doors Main Office Cookies Baking Ingredients Cookie Recipe Packages for Finished Cookies Machinery and Ovens Generator for Energy Conveyor Belts Machinery to Modify and Package Jars to store ingredients Trash system for waste Factory Walls Cookie Factory • Surrounding border Equivalent? • Separates the inside from the outside • Has doors and windows to move things in and out • Made of strong building materials Cell Membrane • Surrounding border • Separates the inside from the outside • Is semi-permeable and has gates to move things in and out • Made up of a phospholipid bilayer phospholipid The heads like water (hydrophilic) • Made of proteins and lipids • The phospholipids make the formation • The proteins are found around the holes The tails do not like water (hydrophobic) These two layers are what form the bilayer phospholipid bilayer Air inside the factory Cookie Factory • Air fills every available Equivalent? space inside the factory • Holds necessary chemicals the workers and equipment need to keep working Cytoplasm • Clear jelly-like fluid • Surrounds all other organelles in cell • Provides support and helps keep the organelles suspended in place • Stores dissolved chemicals the cell needs Main Office Cookie Factory • The brain of the factory Equivalent? • Houses the top secret recipe • Controls the entire cookie making process of the factory • Issues commands to the factory Nucleus • The brain of the cell • Houses the hereditary material - DNA • Controls eating, movement and reproduction of the cell • Issues commands to the cell Cookies Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Major compound of the factory • Essential for continuance of factory • Made from a list of ingredients Proteins • Major compound of the cell • Essential for continuance of cell • Made from a list of amino acids Ingredients Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Building blocks of cookies • Different combinations make different cookies Amino Acids • Building blocks of proteins • Different combinations make different proteins Jars Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Storage containers of the factory • Store ingredients and supplies Vacuoles • Storage bubbles of the cell • Store food and nutrients REVIEW What have we looked at so far?? Match the following: Jars Proteins Main Office Vacuoles Cookies Ingredients Cell Membrane Amino Acids Baking Machinery Cookie Factory • Cookie makers Equivalent? • Put ingredients together • Located in many places throughout the factory • Can be part of machinery that mobilizes the product with conveyor belts or separate Ribosomes • Protein builders • Build chains of amino acids • Located in many places throughout the cell • Can be on the Endoplasmic Reticulum or free floating Conveyor Belts Cookie Factory • Transports the Equivalent? product • Can send the cookies to a storage room • Can send the cookies to a packing room Endoplasmic Reticulum • Packaging system that transports proteins • Smooth ER – storage organelle • Rough ER – synthesis and packaging of proteins Packaging Machinery Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Package several bags of cookies into large boxes for shipment • Sends the boxes to storage or out for shipment to stores Golgi Complex • Gathers simple molecules and combines them to form larger, complex molecules • Stores the large molecules in vesicles for later use or to send them out Boxes Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Taken off of the machinery • Sent out for transportation of the product Vesicles • Pinched off of the Golgi membrane • Sent out for transportation of materials Waste Breakdown and Recycle Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Gets rid of waste • Recycles reusable goods • Cleans the factory Lysosomes • Gets rid of cell waste through digestion • Recycles nutrients and proteins • Cleans up the cell Energy Generator Cookie Factory Equivalent? • System that creates energy for the factory • Number of generators in a factory depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the factory Mitochondria • System the creates energy for the cell • Number of mitochondria in a cell depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the cell REVIEW II More cell parts to remember! Replace the function with the name: Protects cell from the outside Combines small molecules to form larger molecules Controls the cell Protein builders Responsible for cell energy Transports materials Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Nucleus Mighty Mitochondria • Multiple mitochondria in each cell • Takes nutrients and breaks them down into energy • Can grow, move and combine with other mitochondria • Responsible for 90% of energy needed by the body Without Mitochondria • • • • Cells would not have the energy to survive Without cells, tissues die Dead tissues result in organ failure Without organs, our bodies would fail Mitochondria Cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle tissue Heart Mitochondrial Diseases Result from failures of the mitochondria causing less energy to be generated in the cell. Symptoms Mitochondria are very important organelles!! Mitochondria Quiz The Parts Make the Whole • All parts of the cell are important • Cell could not survive without the system • Just like the Cookie Factory September 26, 2011 T – Complete Cell Diagram A – ISN complete? L – Bead & Microscope Labs E – Tutorials today! 3:455:00pm (COME!) Bellringer 9/26/11 Complete summary for EACH and EVERY page of Animal Cell Cornell notes. If you need an idea to get started, you can begin your sentence: “On this page we learned…” On the page where you normally write your bellringers, write: “BellRinger 9/26/11 – Summarized Animal Cell Cornell Notes” October 3, 2011 T – Plant cell notes A – Get 3 science fair ideas (more info to come) L – none E – interim exam this Friday 10/7 Tutorials after school today! October 3, 2011 T – Sally Ride Survey A – Get 3 science fair ideas (more info to come) L – none E – interim exam this Friday 10/7 Tutorials after school today! Bellringer 10/3/11 Get out a blank piece of paper! Hamilton heading! October 4, 2011 T – Plant cell notes A – Get 3 science fair ideas L – none E – interim exam this Friday 10/7 Bellringer 10/4/11 1. True or False: Plant cells have a cell membrane. 2. True or False: Plant cells also have a cell wall. 3. True or False: Animal cells have a cell membrane. 4. True or False: Animal cells also have a cell wall. Plant Cells • Plant cells have everything animal cells have… just sometimes in different forms • Plant cells have some things animal cells don’t! – Cell Wall – Chloroplasts – Chlorophyll • Some things just have different function – Mitochondria – Vacuole Brick Walls Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Very outer most part of factory • Each brick binds with other bricks to give shape • Thick and rigid Cell Wall • Thick, rigid outer most layer of plant cell • layer of cellulose fiber gives cell support and structure • Cell wall bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant Primary Energy Generator Chloroplasts Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Makes MOST of the energy for the cell • Needs gasoline (sunlight) to run • Elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll • Photosynthesis (Sunlight + water + CO2 O2 + Glucose) takes place here • Needs sunlight to work Turbine inside energy generator Chlorophyll Cookie Factory Equivalent? • What makes the generator work • Molecule that absorbs light energy from sunlight to turn H2O and CO2 into sugar (glucose) and oxygen • Gives the plant its green color Back Up Generator Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Only use when everything else isn’t working • Not primary source of energy Mitochondria • Break down carbohydrate and sugar molecules to provide energy • Only work when light isn't available for the chloroplasts to produce energy One Big Box Cookie Factory Equivalent? • Stores things under factory is ready to use them Vacoule • Large, membrane-bound space that is filled with fluid • Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes up about 90% of cell • Helps maintain the shape of the cell and stores compounds September 28, 2011 T – Ketchup Day (I will explain, don’t ask) A – take letter home (only for some of you) L – none E – grades due Friday! Bellringer 9/28/11 1. From your notes, define mitochondria: 2. From your notes, define ribosomes: Bellringer 9/28/11 1. From your notes, define matter: Order of things to work on 1. ISN organization - Titles - Page #s - Table of contents - Dates 2. Color ISN 3. Packet October 5, 2011 T – Cell parts & functions review A – 3 GOOD ideas for science fair L – none E – TEST FRIDAY! Tutorials tomorrow after school, 3:455:00 Bellringer 10/5/11 1. Fill in the blank: A cell wall is made of ________________ which gives it it’s rigid structure. 2. Fill in the blank: A plant cell has one large ____________ that store compounds for the cell. 3. Fill in the blank: A plant cell gets most of its energy from the organelle called the ____________. On the back!! In the factory… Plant cell part ` Cell Wall Chloroplasts Chlorophyll Mitochondria Vacuole Function October 6, 2011 T – Cell vocab review A – STUDY FOR TEST! Complete worksheet in ISN L – none E –Tutorials today after school, 3:45-5:00 Bellringer 10/6/11 1. Fill in the blank: If I do not ________ my notes I will probably not pass my test tomorrow. 2. True or False: If I only study the study guide Ms. Arter gave me yesterday, I will probably do well on my test. 3. Fill in the blank: If I want to get an A on the test, I need to study both my study guide and my ________.