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5.2 Cells: a Look Inside
Why is a cell like a cookie factory?
• A cookie factory has
many parts that work
together to make it
function.
• A cell also has many
parts that work
together.
• Every cell part has a
job or function.
Comparing cells to a factory
• This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory
What is the cell membrane?
• a thin layer that separates
the inside of the cell from
its outside environment.
• keeps the cytoplasm inside
• lets waste products out
• lets nutrients in
• is made out of lipids &
proteins
What is the nucleus?
The nucleolus acts as a
storage area for materials.
• most visible organelle
• is covered with a
membrane that allows
materials to pass in and
out
• often called the “control
center” of the cell
because it contains DNA
What are mitochondria?
• the “powerhouses” of cells
• produce much of the energy
a cell needs to function
• rod shaped surrounded by
2 membranes
• inner membrane has many
folds
• only work if it has oxygen
• We breath air to get oxygen
for our mitochondria
What is a vacuole?
• the storage area of the cell
• A small, fluid-filled sac
• Vacuoles store water, food,
and waste.
• Plant cells usually have
one large vacuole to store
water
What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
• a series of tunnels
throughout the
cytoplasm.
• transport proteins from
one part of the cell to
another
• Series of folded &
connected tubes
What are Ribosomes?
• the protein factories of
the cell.
• When ribosomes make
proteins, they release
them into the ER
• Some ribosomes float
in the cytoplasm
What are Golgi bodies?
• receive proteins and other
compounds from the ER.
• package these materials &
distribute them to other
parts of the cell
• release materials outside
the cell
What are Lysosomes?
• contain enzymes that can break things
down
• pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles
and break them into small pieces that
can be reused
What is cytoskeleton?
• a series of fibers
made from proteins
• provides structure
to the cell and gives
it its shape
How are plant cells different?
• Plant cells have
chloroplasts, but animal
cells do not.
• A chloroplast is an
organelle that contains a
green pigment called
chlorophyll.
• Photosynthesis occurs in
the chloroplast
How are plant cells different?
• Plant cells have a
large central
vacuole that stores
cell sap.
• Cell sap is mostly
water
• Cell sap gives cell
structure
How are plant cells different?
• Plant cells have a
cell wall, but animal
cells do not.
• Made of cellulose
• Cell walls provide
structure and
support for the plant.