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Transcript
What organelles are inside… The Eukaryotic Cell? 1 Plasma Membrane 2 Structure: • Made of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads Functions: • Boundary between the cell and the environment • “Gatekeeper” of the cell • Maintains different conditions inside and outside of the cell • Allows materials to enter and exit • Gives the cell its shape and flexibility Hydrophilic Head Hydrophobic Tail Protein The Eukaryotic Cell 4 Nucleus 5 Structure: • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane with nuclear pores Function: • Control center of the cell • Contains genetic material called chromatin • Chromatin= DNA + protein mixture The Eukaryotic Cell 7 Nucleolus 8 Structure: • Spherical structure inside the nucleus Function: • Manufactures ribosomes The Eukaryotic Cell 10 Cytoplasm 11 Structure: • “Fluid” inside the plasma membrane Function: • Site of many chemical reactions • Provides shock absorber for the cell The Eukaryotic Cell 13 Endoplasmic Reticulum 14 Structure: • Extensive system of internal membranes connected to the nuclear membrane • “Rough” - contain ribosomes and manufactures proteins • “Smooth” – involved in lipid synthesis and transport Function: • “Subway” system of the cell • Moves materials through the cell The Eukaryotic Cell 16 Ribosomes 17 Structure: • Found on the “Rough ER” and also free in the cytoplasm • Made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Function: • Site where enzymes and proteins are assembled The Eukaryotic Cell 19 C C Golgi Apparatus 20 Structure: • Series of stacked, flattened membrane sacs Function: • Receives proteins from the ER (packaged in vesicles) then packages, processes, and distributes them to the rest of the cell • The “post office” of the cell The Eukaryotic Cell 22 C C Vacuole 23 Structure: • Hollow, membrane-bound vessel Function: • Temporary storage for water, food, enzymes, waste, and other materials The Eukaryotic Cell 25 Lysosomes 26 Structure: • Membrane-bound vessel Function: • Contain digestive enzymes to digest and recycle used cell parts • Breakdown protein, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates • “Recycling center” of the cell The Eukaryotic Cell 28 Mitochondria 29 Structure: • Oval shaped with folded internal membrane called cristae (increases surface area) Function: • Break down food molecules into energy for use by the body • “Power house” of the cell The Eukaryotic Cell 31 Centrioles 32 Structure: • Pair of gear-like cylinders made of microtubules Function: • Organizes microtubules and spindle fibers of cytoskeleton • Assists with cell division The Eukaryotic Cell 34 Cytoskeleton 35 Structure: • Made of microtubules and microfilaments Function: • Thin protein-fiber “scaffold” that anchors and supports the organelles • Gives cells their shape The Eukaryotic Cell 37