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Transcript
Cell Organelles © J Beauchemin 2006 Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan Bell work 9/29 What are 2 difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ” Found only inside eukaryotic cells All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm Cell Wall Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside of the cell membrane Made of cellulose (fiber) Cell Wall Differences Plants – mostly cellulose Fungi – contain chitin Plasma Membrane Boundary of the cell Made of a phospholipid bilayer Phospholipids Polar Hydrophylic head Hydrophobic tail Interacts with water Cytoskeleton Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell Made of three types of filaments Cilia & Flagella Provide motility Cilia Short Used to move substances outside human cells Flagella Whip-like extensions Found on sperm cells Basal bodies like centrioles Centriole Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA Surrounded by a double membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Connected to nuclear membrane Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it manufactures proteins Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes attached to surface Manufacture proteins Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER May modify proteins from ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No attached ribosomes Has enzymes that help build macromolecules Lipids Some carbs Ribosome Makes Proteins Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide? Golgi Apparatus Stores, modifies and packages proteins Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles Bell work 9/30 Compare/contrast rough and smooth ER. Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use Has its own strand of DNA Chloroplast Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Site of food (glucose) production Vacuoles Large central vacuole usually in plant cells Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture? Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum