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Transcript
Chapter 3.2 Cell Division Life Science What causes organisms to grow?? Many organisms start as one cell…what happens to these cells? – Cells divide!! One becomes two, two becomes four… Multi-cellular organisms grow because of CELL DIVISION! Cell Division Cell Division- increases the total number of cells and causes multicellular organisms to grow and develop. 3 Functions: 1. Growth 2. Development 3. Repair The Cell Cycle Cells contain periods of formation, growth and development, and death called a life cycle. – Forms, Grows/Develops, Dies. The length of the cycle depends on the type of cell. CELL CYCLE: Page 81 cell grows and carries out normal activities; organelles duplicate DNA replicates and chromosomesduplicate cell grows and prepares for mitosis Mitosis Mitosis (mi TOH sus) – process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical copies of cell. Do YOU remember the steps or phases of Mitosis? BEFORE MITOSIS Interphase Interphase - phase where Eukaryotic cells spend most of their “life” – A period of growth and development. – Cell duplicates its chromatin and prepares for cell division. Cell is not dividing*** Chromatin, Chromatid, Chromosome … MITOSIS BEGINS Prophase Prophase “P” for Pairs – Nucleus disappears – Centrioles - two small structures that move to opposite ends – Spindle fibers - (threadlike) begin to stretch across the cell. Metaphase Metaphase- “M” for Middle – Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell – Spindle Fibers attach to the centromere. Anaphase Anaphase- “a” for aPart – Centromere divides – Chromatid Pairs separate and moves to opposite ends of the cell – Spindle Fibers pull similar to a fishing rod Telophase Telophase- “t” for two – Spindle Fibers disappear – New Nucleus is formed (nuclear membrane) – Two Cells form. AFTER MITOSIS Cytokinesis- the division of the parent cell’s cytoplasm. (Page 85) In animal cells, the cell is pinched into two identical daughter cells. http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm Results of Mitosis Each cell in your body (except sex cells) has the same number of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Allows growth and replaces damaged cells