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Cell parts
Organelles
• Organelles are the
“little organs” or parts
of the cell that perform
specialized functions.
Cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm is the
portion of the cell
outside of the nucleus.
• The cytoplasm is the
“jelly” that the
organelles float around
in.
DNA
• The DNA is like the
“brains” of the cell.
• DNA controls what the
cell does and when it
does it.
• DNA is tiny, but has a
big impact on what you
look like and what you
are good at. (5 million
DNA strands could fit
on the head of a pin).
Nucleus
• The Nucleus holds and
protects the DNA
• The membrane around
the nucleus is what
separates eukaryotic
cells from prokaryotic
cells.
Chromosomes
• Chromosomes are
short fat pieces of
DNA that form during
cell division.
Ribosomes
• The Ribosomes are the
places where proteins
are made.
• Proteins are very
important to the cell!
• Proteins regulate the
cell processes, provide
structure for the cell,
and tell the cell how to
behave.
Proteins
• Proteins are all around
you:
– The most common protein in the
world is called RuBisCO. It is
used to do photosynthesis.
– The most common protein in the
human body (25-30%) is
collagen, which is used for
connective tissue, bone, muscle,
etc…
– A protein called Lactase helps
you break down the sugar in
milk.
– Antibodies are proteins in your
body that help fight disease.
– Hemoglobin (that makes your
blood cells red) is a protein.
– A protein called melanin is
responsible for skin/hair/eye color,
and for moles, freckles, and tans.
– Hair, horns, and fingernails are
made of a protein called keratin.
– A protein called catalase helps
break down hydrogen peroxide in
your blood
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The endoplasmic
reticulum, (ER) is
where lipids for the
cell membrane are
made.
• The ER transports
proteins and lipids
throughout the cell.
Golgi Body
• The Golgi Body
modifies, sorts,
and packages
proteins and other
materials from
the ER for storage
inside the cell, or
for excretion
outside of the
cell.
• Looks like a stack
of pancakes.
Can you find the Golgi Body?
ER to the Golgi
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are small
organelles filled with
enzymes to help
digest, or break down,
the “junk” in the cell.
• These organelles are
like the garbage men
of the cell.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are
organelles that convert
the chemical energy
stored in food into
compounds that are
more convenient for
the cell to use.
• These organisms
provide power for the
cell.
Endosymbiont theory
Cell Membrane
• The cell
membrane
covers the
entire cell and
determines
what is allowed
in or out of the
cell.
Organelles Unique to Plants
• Only plants have the
following organelles:
– Chloroplasts
– Large vacuoles
– Cellulose Cell wall
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts capture
energy from the sun
and allow the plant to
do photosynthesis.
• They contain
chlorophyll, a pigment
that reflects green
light.
Large Vacuoles
• Large Vacuoles store
material.
• In a plant, vacuoles
help pump water out
of the cell if too much
water enters.
Cell Wall
• The Cell wall is made
of cellulose and
provides support and
protection for the cell.
Plant cells
• Because of their cell
walls, plant cells are
usually square-shaped.
Organelles unique to animal cells
• Only animal cells
contain centrioles.
Centrioles
• Centrioles
help organize
cell division.
Plant or animal cell?
What organelle?
What Organelle?