Download The cell theory states that: All living things are

Cells & Organelles
What is a cell?
Basic unit of life that can carry out all the
functions of a living thing.
 Various sizes and shapes
 Organism- living thing
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Unicellular
 Multicellular
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Microscope Development
1665 – Robert Hooke named cell
 1674 – Anton von Leeuwenhoek looked at cells in pond water and blood
and published his observations
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Cell Theory
The cell theory states that:
•All living things are composed of
cells
•Cells are the basic unit s of
structure and function in living
things
•New cells are produced from
existing cells
Cells from Labs:
Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic
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cell
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic Cells
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Prokaryotic Cells: have genetic material
that is NOT contained in a nucleus that
is; they lack nucleus
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Simple cell
No membrane-bound organelles
Chromosome not contained in nucleus
Small cells
Ex – ONLY bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which
genetic material is separated from the
rest of the cell.
That is; they have membrane bound
nucleus
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Complex cell
Membrane-bound organelles
Chromosomes contained in nucleus
Larger cells
Ex – all other organisms (NOT bacteria)
PARTS OF A CELL
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Plasma (cell) membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
The Plasma Membrane is like the SKIN
of the cell.
•The Cell Membrane controls what
enters and leaves the cell.
Selective permeablility-allows only
certain materials to pass through
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The Nucleus is like the BRAIN of the cell.
• The nucleus is the control center
of the cell.
• It contains the genetic information
for the cell in the form of DNA
called chromatin.
Nucleolus and Nuclear Membrane
• Nucleolus- produces ribosomes.
• Nuclear membrane-seperates nucleus
from the cytoplasm.
The Mighty
The “Mighty” Mitochondria is the
POWERHOUSE of the cell.
•Mitochondria - Makes
energy in the form of ATP
• ATP are produced to
“power” the cell.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum is the cells
DELIVERY SYSTEM.
•Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Delivers proteins.
•A tubular system connecting
the nuclear membrane to the
cell membrane.
The Golgi Apparatus is the PACKAGING
CENTER of the cell.
• Golgi Apparatus - Packages and modifies proteins.
Vacuoles are the STORAGE
SPACES for cells.
• Store food,
enzymes, wastes,
and other materials
needed by the cell.
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Lysosomes
• Specialized vacuole
that digest and
break down waste.
• The “garbage man”
of the cell.
Ribosomes
• Protein synthesis
(makes proteins)
Cytoplasm
• Jello-like substance
where organelles
are embedded.
Centrioles
• Centrioles help in cell
division.
• They are found only in
animal cells.
Organelle Diseases