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Transcript
Cell Research Quest! What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit of life. Your body is made up of trillions of cells with each one working hard to produce proteins. These proteins are used as building blocks for many different things. For example, your hair and nails are made up of a special protein made by cells. However, in order to carry out this important task, cells are made of tiny structures that work together. These tiny structures are called organelles. CELL MEMBRANE Organelle Plant, Animal, or Both? Cell ▪ Both Membrane Function This cell part is just like… Surrounds the outside of the cell. ▪Gatekeeper ▪Controls what substances can enter and exit the cell CELL WALL Organelle Cell Wall Plant, Animal, or Both? Plant Function ▪ Surrounds the cell membrane ;It is a tough and rigid covering made of cellulose ▪ Gives a plant shape, support, and protection This cell part is just like… Tough, Outer Fence CYTOPLASM (Cytosol) Organelle Cytoplasm (cytosol) Plant, Animal, or Both? ▪Both Function ▪ Jelly-like fluid in cell ▪Holds all other organelles in place This cell part is just like… ▪ Jell-O NUCLEUS Organelle Plant, Animal, or Both? Nucleus Both Function ▪ The nucleus is protected by a nuclear membrane. This membrane protects the nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and exit through pores. ▪ Nucleus controls and directs all of the cell’s activities ▪ The nucleus also protects a cell’s genetic material called chromatin. Another word for chromatin is DNA. DNA contains all the instructions for how a cell should grow and what proteins it should make. This cell part is just like… ▪ Brain NUCLEOLUS Organelle Plant, Animal, or Both? Nucleolus ▪ Function Both ▪ ▪ Dark region inside the nucleus The site where ribosomes are made This cell part is just like… ▪ Center of tootsie roll pop RIBOSOMES Organelle Ribosome Plant, Animal, or Both? ▪ Both Function ▪Small, grain-like bodies floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum ▪Responsible for making proteins This cell part is just like… ▪ Factory Worker Endoplasmic Reticulum Organelle ER Plant, Animal, or Both? ▪ Both Function ▪ A maze of tube-like membranes. ▪ Rough ER: studded with ribosomes ▪ Smooth ER: does not have ribosomes ▪ Rough ER: Acts as a passageway for protein material sending it to the Golgi body ▪ Smooth ER: Acts as a passageway for non-protein material (fats and carbohydrates) This cell part is just like… Subway Tunnel GOLGI BODY Plant, Organelle Animal, or Both? Golgi body ▪Both Function ▪Flattened stacks of membrane (looks like pita bread) ▪Works to package, tag, and ship a protein to its destination inside or outside of the cell. This cell part is just like… ▪ Mailroom VESICLE Organelle Vesicle Plant, Animal, or Both? Both Function ▪ Small membrane sacs ▪ Transports proteins from one part of the cell to another This cell part is just like… ▪ Factory Car VACUOLE Plant, Animal, Organelle or Both? Vacuole ▪Both Function This cell part is just like… ▪Plants –Have 1 large vacuole filled with mostly water ▪Plant = Swimming Pool ▪Animals – Have many smaller vacuoles filled with food ▪Animal=Refrigerator LYSOSOME Organelle Lysosomes Plant, Animal, or Both? ▪ Both Function ▪ Small membrane sacs ▪ Contains special chemicals to digest food, old cell parts, or waste This cell part is just like… ▪ Garbage Disposal MITOCHONDRIA Organelle Plant, Animal, or Both? Mitochon ▪ dria Both Function ▪ A jelly-bean structure with an outer membrane and inner membrane which is folded. ▪ Produces usable energy for the cell by breaking down sugar called glucose (powerhouse of the cell) This cell part is just like… ▪ Battery CHLOROPLAST Organelle Plant, Animal, or Both? Chloroplast ▪ Plant Only Function ▪ A green, jelly-bean structure with an outer and inner membrane ▪ Captures sunlight and uses it to produce food (glucose) for a plant cell This cell part is just like… ▪ Solar panel