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Transcript
Cell Membrane
Transport
Cell membrane transport

There are 2 types of cell membrane
transport:

Passive Transport
Substance move from
High concentration to
low concentration
-no energy required


Active Transport
Substance move from
low concentration to
high concentration
-energy (ATP) required

Another perspective on
passive and active transport
Passive Transport

Diffusion

The movement of particles from areas of high
concentration to low concentration
Diffusion

Factors that influence the rate of
diffusion
Temperature
 Pressure
 Electrical currents
 Molecular size

Equilibrium

the concentrations of particles are the same
on both sides of the membrane
Facilitated Diffusion

Particles flow from high concentration to
low concentration but this time they need
the help of proteins to get through the cell
membrane.
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis



The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
Important in maintaining cell homeostasis
Water flows to side of membrane where the water
concentration is lower until equilibrium is reached
Osmosis

Osmosis is controlled by the amount of
solutes on either side of a membrane
Osmosis – Types of Solutions
 When
dealing with osmosis, water can
either move into the cell or out of it.
 The solute cannot move to equal out the
concentration of solutions, so the water
has to.
 We describe the solutions that cells are
in as either hypotonic, isotonic, or
hypertonic.
Isotonic Solution

Isotonic solution – Concentration of
solute is the same in the cell and the area
around the cell.
Water moves in and out at equal rates.
Isotonic solution
Hypotonic Solution

Hypotonic Solution – Concentration of
solute is lower in the solution than in the
cell.

Net movement of water INTO the cell.
Hypotonic solutions

Since water moves into the cell the cell,
animal cells can explode

Cytolysis
Plant and animal cells in a
hypotonic solution
Turgor Pressure – central
vacuole is full; pressure against
the cell wall
Hypertonic Solution

Hypertonic solution – concentration of
solute is higher in the solution than in the
cell.

Net movement of water OUT of the cell.
Hypertonic solutions

Since water moves out of the cell the cell
will shrink
Plant and animals cells in a
Hypertonic Solution
Plasmolysis: shrinking of cytoplasm due to osmosis
Active Transport

Molecules move from low concentration
to high concentration

Requires energy….why?
Active Transport

Molecular Transport

Protein Pumps
 Small
molecules and ions carried across
the cell membrane by proteins in the
membrane that act like pumps (low 
high)

Bulk Transport
Endocytosis – in!
 Exocytosis – out!

Sodium Potassium Pump
Other membrane transport
activities that require energy

Endocytosis

Engulfing of large particles or liquids from
outside the cell
2 types of Endocytosis

Phagocytosis
Engulfing of large particles
from outside the cell


Pinocytosis
Engulfing of
liquids from
outside the cell

Other membrane transport
activities that require energy

Exocytosis

Inside
the cell
Release of large particles or liquids from
inside the cell
Outside
the cell
0%
gly
co
p
id
s
ro
te
in
s
0%
Ph
os
ph
ol
ip
st
er
o
l
0%
Ch
ol
e
ei
...
0%
ro
t
4.
lP
3.
nn
e
2.
Ch
a
1.
Which of the following allows cells to
recognize each other as self or
foreign?
Channel Proteins
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
Glycoproteins
10
The inside of the cell
membrane consists of
0%
.. .
ec
r.
bo
hy
d
Ca
r
ce
Ex
tra
ra
t
llu
la
ta
i
id
ac
0%
..
0%
.. .
0%
Fa
tty
4.
he
ad
.. .
3.
te
2.
Phosphate heads
Fatty acid tails
Extracellular
Matrix
Carbohydrate
chains
Ph
os
ph
a
1.
10
Which of the following components of the
cell membrane affects the fluidity of the
cell membrane?
0%
..
r.
ce
llu
la
Ex
tra
st
er
Ch
ol
e
ip
id
ol
0%
ol
0%
s
0%
Gl
yc
4.
te
in
s
3.
op
ro
2.
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Cholesterol
Extracellular
matrix
Gl
yc
1.
10
Which type of protein is responsible
for receiving messages from
hormones?
0%
...
or
Pr
ot
e
ni
ti
ce
pt
Re
Ce
ll
Re
co
g
te
i
rp
ro
rie
Ca
r
0%
...
0%
.. .
0%
i..
.
4.
ro
te
3.
nn
el
p
2.
Channel protein
Carrier protein
Cell Recognition
Protein
Receptor Protein
Ch
a
1.
10
The movement of particles from high
concentration to low concentration is
called
to
sis
0%
Ex
oc
y
0%
sis
0%
oc
yt
o
0%
En
d
4.
Di
ffu
s io
n
3.
os
is
2.
Osmosis
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Os
m
1.
10
The diffusion of water is
called
0%
Os
m
os
is
Ex
oc
y
En
d
oc
yt
o
t
0%
to
sis
0%
sis
0%
ns
po
r
4.
tra
3.
ive
2.
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Osmosis
Ac
t
1.
10
The movement of particles
across a membrane that requires
energy (ATP) is called
...
0%
s
le
ea
b
er
m
i-p
Se
m
tra
ive
0%
or
in
ns
po
.. .
0%
Aq
ua
p
0%
Ac
t
4.
ns
p.
..
3.
tra
2.
Passive transport
Active transport
Aquaporins
Semi-permeable
Pa
ss
ive
1.
10
This diagram is an example
of what membrane transport?
0%
Ex
oc
to
s
is
yt
os
is
0%
do
cy
d
at
e
En
di
ffu
si
si
on
on
0%
ci
lit
4.
iff
u
3.
0%
Fa
2.
Diffusion
Facilitated
diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
D
1.
10
This diagram is an example
of what membrane transport?
0%
Ex
oc
to
s
is
yt
os
is
0%
do
cy
d
at
e
En
di
ffu
si
si
on
on
0%
ci
lit
4.
iff
u
3.
0%
Fa
2.
Diffusion
Facilitated
diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
D
1.
10