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Transcript
“true kernel” Contain organelles: membrane-bound internal structures with specific functions (little organs) DNA found in the nucleus 2-1,000 µ Human egg can be seen with the naked eye! All other cells on earth EUKARYOTES ORGANELLES Nucleus—controls all cell activities with nucleic acids, 2 types: DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (genes/chromosomes) and RNA: ribonucleic acid (coded from DNA) Nucleolus—inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes and stores RNA Nuclear membrane — double layer of proteins and lipids; has pores/holes that regulate what goes in/out of nucleus Organelles, cont. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)– transport route in the cell; 2 types Rough has ribosomes along the edges (muscle cells) Smooth which lacks ribosomes (brain/intestinal cells) Ribosomes—produce proteins Organelles,cont. Golgi apparatus (or bodies)—folded membrane Distribution/packaging center Contains enzymes that put a “coating” on lipids/proteins and determine where they will go---in or out of the cell Organelles, cont. Mitochondria– powerhouse of the cell All E comes from this organelle during cell respiration Glucose is broken down and releases ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Organelles, still…. Lysosomes—little vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that break down old/useless cell parts Vacuoles—store H2O, nutrients, wastes Small in animal, large in plants—WHY? Almost done….. Cell/plasma membrane allows cell to be selective in what gets in/leaves the cell Separates the cell from its environment Made of a double layer with proteins and phosphorous groups outside and wet and lipids inside and dry YEA!! PLANTS ONLY: Cell wall —made of cellulose for support Chloroplasts—green pigmented organelles responsible for photosynthesis (more on that later…) ANIMALS ONLY: Centrioles—cylindrical “tubes” used to move chromosomes around during mitosis (more about that later, too…) http://www.youtube .com/watch?v=o1G QyciJaTA&feature =related