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Transcript
Chapter 7-3 Notes Part 2 Types of Transport TRANSPORT CAN BE EITHER DRAW Passive Transport • On top of the hill Weeee!!! • Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. • DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!!! high low OR Active Transport DRAW • Bottom of the hill This is gonna be hard work!! • Movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. high • REQUIRES ENERGY! low •Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport • Types of Passive Transport cell does not use energy 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Osmosis • Types of Active Transport cell uses energy 1. Protein Pumps 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis All 3 types of PASSIVE transport occur until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium: • when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a closed system. (i.e. Inside and outside of a cell.) Three Types of Passive Transport Defined 1. Diffusion: movement of molecules FROM areas of HIGH concentration TO areas of LOW concentration through the lipid bilayer. Examples: Alcohol, CO2, O2 GO TO DIFFUSION ANIMATION Simple Diffusion Animation http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm 2. Facilitated Diffusion A Diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the cell membrane Example:Glucose a.Transport Proteins are specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane b.Transports molecules that are large or insoluble in lipids. Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein) Carrier Protein B Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) 3. Osmosis 3.Osmosis: diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane. a. Water moves from high concentration of (H2O)to low concentration(of H2O) Osmosis animation •Water moves freely through special pores. •Solute (green) soluble in lipids. Ch 7-3 Notes Part 3 Effects of Osmosis on Life i. Cells can not control the movement of water (Osmosis). ii. If too much water moves into the cell it can burst (die). If too much water moves out it can shrivel up (die). HOW DO SOLUTIONS AFFECT OSMOSIS??? Hypotonic Solution • Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypotonic: has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water compared to inside the cell. (Low solute; High water) Result: Water moves from the solution into the cell) Osmotic pressure increases and causes the cell to grow until equilibrium is reached or the cell bursts. Hint: HYPO=HIPPO(grow) • Hypertonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water) Result: Water moves out of the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks/shrivels. • Isotonic Solution(Iso=Equal) Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Isotonic: The concentration of solutes and water in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes and water inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in both directions (Dynamic Equilibrium) and the cell remains same size! What type of solution are these cells in? TOO MUCH OSMOTIC PRESSURE!!! 1 2 3 Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic *Which of these solutions do you think is used in an IV? • How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video 1. A protist, like paramecium, has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from overexpanding. Contractile Vacuole: 2. Bacteria and plants have cell walls that keep the membrane from bursting when osmotic pressure increases. 3. Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by removing excess salt and water. Ch 7-3 Notes Part 4: Active Transport IV. Active Transport A. Requires energy (going up hill) B. Actively moves molecules to where they are needed C. Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (remember: up the hill) (Low High) D. Three Types of Active Transport 1) Protein Pumps 2) Endocytosis 3) Exocytosis D. 3 Types of Active Transport 1.Protein Pumps – Require energy transport molecules across membrane. Example: Ions such as Na+ and K+ in Sodium / Potassium Pumps, which are important in nerve responses. Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy! Types of Active Transport Continued. • 2. Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell a. Uses energy b. Cell membrane folds in around food particle “cell eating” c. forms food vacuole & digests food d. This is how white blood cells eat bacteria! Types of Active Transport 3. Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk a. membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane b. Cell changes shape – requires energy EX: Hormones or wastes being released from the cell Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations Exocytosis