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Transcript
The Cell Theory! Leeuwenhoek ▫ Used a simple microscope ▫ First to see cells! Robert Hooke • Used a compound microscope • Looked at cork- saw • This reminded him of rooms in a monastery so he called them “cells.” T. Schwann • Sounds like __________ ▫ Swan! • Concluded that all animals were made of cells. M. Schleiden • Concluded all plants were made of cells Summary *Hooke Cells *Schwann Animals *Schleiden Plants All those scientists contributed to: • The Cell Theory • What is a theory? • A broad explanation that is testable, and has been proved by multiple researchers. • Components of it can be changed or improved upon, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole. First Part of the Cell Theory • All living things are made of ▫ cells • They are either: ▫ Unicellular Consisting of only ONE cell ▫ Multicelluar Consisting of MANY cells. Second Part of the Cell Theory • A cell is the basic unit of life. • • • • • Cells Tissue Organ Organ system Organism! • The beginning unit is always what? ▫ A CELL! Third Part of the Cell Theory • All cells come from pre-existing cells. Muscle Skin Muscle Muscle Muscle Skin Muscle Muscle Skin Muscle INTRO TO CELLS • You will need a separate sheet of paper to take additional notes. • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9699cells-and-genetics-cell-theory-video.htm • Intro to Cells! • Cell organelles: • “tiny organs” Most important • nucleus! Organelles we will be very familiar with! • Nucleus** • • • • • • • • • ▫ Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth) Ribosomes** Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Plasma (cell) membrane** Vesicles Mitochondria** Cytoplasm (cytosol) Cytoskeleton ▫ Centrioles • Vacuoles • Chloroplasts** • Cell Wall** Two categories of cells: • • • • • • Prokaryotes No nucleus Majority are unicellular Simple- 1-2 organelles 1 job at a time Bacteria (eu- and archaea-)only • Eukaryotes • Nucleus • Majority are multicellular • Complex- 10-12 organelles • Good at Multitasking • Plants/animals/fungi/ protists **THEY BOTH HAVE DNA AND RIBOSOMES!!!** PROKARYTIC CELLS LACK MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES Escherichia coli (E. coli) Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells Fungi Animal Plant Protist Semi (selectively) Permeable • Semi▫ Some • Selectively▫ choosey • Permeable▫ allows to pass • Selectively Permeable▫ chooses what it allows to pass through (Does this by active and passive transport). Cell Membrane AKA “Plasma Membrane” AKA Thephospholipid outer boundary of bilayer a cell- skin • Job: ▫ To maintain homeostasis To regulate what goes in and out of a cell • What is homeostasis? ▫ Internal balance- keeping things happy CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN MOLECULE PROTEIN MOLECULE PROTEIN MOLECULE LIPID BILAYER A. Water- loving (outside of cell- touches water) B. Water- fearing (inside of sandwich- never touches water) POLAR HEADS NONPOLAR TAILS Fluid Mosaic Model* • Fluid Flexible • Mosaid different parts • Model representation Function of: • Proteins in the membrane: ▫ Transport molecules in and out of the cell. • Lipids in the membrane: ▫ Creates a barrier between the cell and the watery environment that is surrounding. • Carbohydrates in the membrane: ▫ Chemical signals and cell communication ALL CELLS… • … HAVE DNA AS THEIR GENETIC MATERIAL (nucleus=euk or nucleoid=prok) • … HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE • … HAVE RIBOSOMES • … HAVE CYTOPLASM • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6051cells-cell-walls-and-cell-membranes-video.htm