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Transcript
CELLS Structure & Transport Review What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________. chromatin prokaryotes Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ___________. vacuole http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle Name the Cell PEOPLE German zoologist who concluded all animals Theodor Schwann are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Robert Hooke Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters Cell membrane or leaves the cell ___________________ Guides chromosomes Centrioles during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted Lysosomes substances or cell parts _______________ Ribosomes Makes proteins ______________________ Nucleus Contains chromatin ___________________ Name the Cell PEOPLE American biologist who provided evidence for Lynn Margulis the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________ This theory explains the origins of which cell parts? Mitochondria &_________________ chloroplasts _______________ eukaryote An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html Name an organelle that assists with movement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities ATP Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ Selectively OR semi- permeable. Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. Tell which part does it? Makes lipids for membranes ____________________ smooth ER Mitochondria Stores energy as ATP ___________________ chromatin Spread out DNA __________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ____________________ Rough ER Regulates calcium levels Smooth ER in muscle cells ________________ Supports and protects Cell wall plant cells ___________________ In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? Non-dividing dividing non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside chloroplasts _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts What’s the function? Mitochondria ____________________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ support; protection Golgi bodies ____________________ Package molecules for storage Centrioles or export ________________ Guide chromosomes apart during cell division Smooth ER Make ___________________ steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. mitochondria This structure Flagellum is a __________ (pl. flagella) Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a glycoprotein ____________________ Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters nuclear envelope or leaves the nucleus _________________ Cilia or flagella Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package Golgi bodies substances for transport _________________ nucleolus Makes ribosomes ______________________ Nucleus Control center of cell ___________________ http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html Name this part. GOLGI BODY According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? chloroplasts Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria Tell which part does it? Contains genetic info __________________ nucleus cytoskeleton Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures flagella for locomotion __________________ Provide more surface cristae area inside mitochondria _________________ chloroplast Place for photosynthesis __________________ vacuole Large storage space ___________________ Intracellular highway ______________________ Rough ER http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html Name this part. Smooth ER According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called rough ER. _________ Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome This organelle makes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer Smooth ER does NOT have _________ ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of cytoskeleton microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar polar nonpolar What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body Tell which part does it? smooth ER Breaks down toxins ____________________ Mitochondria Power plant ___________________ Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________ chromosomes Allows molecules in & Nuclear pores out of nucleus ____________________ Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________ thylakoids Supports and protects Cell wall bacterial cells ___________________ Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the _______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of Protein RNA __________ & __________ http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein? B; sticks on the surface of the membrane What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm What’s the function? modify/transport proteins rough ER ____________________ Contain DNA; control center nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ support; give shape cell membrane ____________________ Control what enters/leaves cell chloroplast ________________ photosynthesis water, food, molecules, waste vacuole Stores ___________________ Make RNA for ribosomes nucleolus ________________________ eukaryote A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote Name the organelle that carries out photosynthesis. chloroplast Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm Which of these proteins is an integral protein? A; sticks INto the membrane The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell. Plasma ribosomes Rough Golgi →_______ _________→_______→______ ER Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html membrane The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of Microfilaments & ______________ microtubules ______________ The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of Microfilaments & ______________ microtubules ______________ The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is Non polar ______________. polar nonpolar A B C D E A = ________________ Cell membrane Rough ER B = ________________ nucleus C = ________________ Golgi Body D= _________________ Mitochondrion E= __________________ http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm Tell what this molecule does “self” identification Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue organ tissue cell _______ _________ _________ organ system ______________ organism _____________ Name a cell part that would use this molecule It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins Name the cell part that makes this molecule mitochondria Put the following cells in order of decreasing size: Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell Plant _________ ________ Animal _________ Bacterium small smaller smallest How are the molecules in the cell walls of these organisms different? Plants cellulose Fungi chitin Bacteria peptidoglycan Which of these are EUKARYOTES? Plants and fungi are eukaryotes . . . So are animals! True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances Name an organelle that is made up of CISTERNAE Golgi bodies A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called tissue a _______________ Tell why cells switch their DNA between chromatin and chromosome forms Chromosomes-tightly packed so easy to move during cell division; Chromatin-loosely packed and spread out so it is easier to read and get information when cell is “doing its job” Name this molecule found in cell membranes http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm phospholipid Name this cell part centriole http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm Name this molecule found in cell membranes glycoprotein Name this molecule ATP Image by Riedell True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them Membrane proteins that help water across a cell membrane aquaporins A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an _______________ Organ system Name the process by which your fingers and toes formed from paddle-like structures and your tail disappeared? apoptosis http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm Centrioles are only seen in __________________________ cells. dividing animal You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ mitochondrion Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ mitochondria Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg The ___________ cell is the basic unit of life. What do ribosomes make? proteins Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs Differentiation OR cell specialization Idea that all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells Cell theory Molecule found in the cell walls of fungi that makes them sturdy chitin Membrane sacs stacked like pancakes in a Golgi body cisternae Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life cell Log-like structures that help organize the spindle and guide the chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells centrioles DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells chromatin Describes molecules that try to stay away from water… means “water fearing” hydrophobic Group of different organs working together organ system Protein found in cell membranes which helps molecules get across the membrane transport protein “Walking” proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts Motor proteins Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranes Peripheral proteins Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell Endosymbiotic theory Protein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes; these can go part way or all the way across the membrane integral proteins Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike? Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells? PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall Have chloroplasts no centrioles Big vacuole NO cell wall No chloroplasts have centrioles small vacuole Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells? PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes Have chloroplasts Cellulose in cell wall Big vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes No chloroplasts peptidoglycan in cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells? Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes No cell wall vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles no centrioles Centrioles http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/Directry.htm Molecules that are dissolved in a liquid are called the __________ SOLUTE A state that exists when the CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space equilibrium The pressure of water pushing against the cell wall in a plant cell is called ________________ pressure. osmotic What keeps plant cells from bursting when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution? They have a cell wall The dots in the diagrams below represent solute dissolved in liquid. LABEL THE LIQUID FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLS: HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC This egg shrank smaller because it was hypertonic liquid. placed in a ______________ The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution cytolysis An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which WATER molecules can move during osmosis Aquaporins http://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpg Solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is greater than inside hypertonic Molecule used by cells to provide energy for activities ATP Solution in which the solute concentration outside and inside a cell are EQUAL isotonic Animal cells placed in this solution Stay the same size will ______________ swell and burst shrink stay same size Process by which water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. osmosis http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin.gif This egg grew bigger because it was placed hypotonic liquid. in a ______________ A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi-permeable OR selectively permeable Image from: http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg Solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is LESS than inside hypotonic Animal cells placed in this liquid will ______________ swell & burst swell and burst shrink stay same size Name the substance that turns blue-black when it reacts with starch iodine The process by which molecules MOVE from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration diffusion http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBooktransp.html The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment plasmolysis Membrane proteins that help move molecules across cell membranes are _______ integral proteins integral peripheral A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around inside a cell vesicle The shrinking of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ______________ crenation mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume concentration Image by Riedell The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space Concentration gradient Solution in which the solute concentration outside and inside the cell is equal isotonic Osmosis and diffusion both move molecules higher to lower from a______________________ concentration. lower to higher higher to lower
