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Active
Transport
Ch 8
It is possible for particles to travel
in the reverse direction across the
membrane and have particles
Low
travel from an area of ______
concentration to an area
of_High_____ concentration, but in
order to counteract the force of
diffusion the cell must expend
energy. This process is called
_active transport_.
Active transport is the movement
of materials through a membrane
AGAINST a concentration
____________
gradient.
Active transport
requires
____________.
ENERGY
The energy for active transport
comes from ______
ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) generated inside
mitochondria.
This process requires specialized
proteins, which are __________
Carrier
proteins to bind with the particle
and transport it.
Example:
Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.
Summary of Passive and Active Transport:
&
Osmosis
Thus, far we have talked about
small
the movement of ________
particles traveling across the
membrane.
Large particles
However, __________
are able to cross to and do so by
any of these four active transport
processes:
• 1) Exocytosis
• 2) Endocytosis
• 3) Pinocytosis
• 4) Phagocytosis
Root
Greek or Latin
meaning
Endo-
inside, within
Exo-
external, out
Phago-
eat
Pino-
drink
Endocytosis vs Exocytosis:
BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY
Large
particles are transported across the
membrane in membrane bound vesicles.
Plasma membrane
Endocytosis:
• The process where a cell surrounds
and takes ____
in material from its
environments.
• The particle does not pass through
engulfed
the membrane, it is simply __________
and enclosed
Exocytosis:
• The reverse process where
materials are ____________
expelled or
secreted from a cell.
rid wastes
• This is used to ____________
and secreted substances (ex:
hormones) produced by the cell.
• When exocytosis is getting rid of
cell wastes, the process is called
___________
excretion
• When exocytosis is pushing useful
substances out of the cell, then the
process is known as ____________
secretion
Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis
Both take materials
IN
Pinocytosis:
(DRINKS)
• Pinocytosis is when the cell ________.
pinches
• Pinocytosis deals with __________.
liquids
• Pinocytosis is a process that is
happening all of the time.
Pinocytosis:
• The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”,
formed by invagination of the plasma
membrane. These vesicles then move
into the cell.
Phagocytosis:
• Phagocytosis is when the cell _________
engulfs
• Phagocytosis deals with _________.
solids
• Once the vesicle has formed, it travels
into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with
___________
lysosome that will kill and digest the
engulfed material.
Phagocytosis:
Used by white
blood cells to
engulf bacteria or
infected cells
• Phagocytosis is process the human
body uses to destroy dead or foreign
_______.
cells