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Active
Transport
It is possible for particles to travel
in the reverse direction across the
membrane and have particles
travel from an area of _______
Low
concentration to an area of ______
High
concentration, but in order to
counteract the force of diffusion
the cell must expend energy. This
process is called _______________.
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement
of materials through a membrane
____________
AGAINST a concentration
gradient. Active transport requires
____________.
ENERGY
The energy for active transport
comes from ______
ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) generated inside
mitochondria.
This process requires specialized
proteins, which are __________
Carrier
proteins to bind with the particle
and transport it.
Example:
Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.
Summary of Passive and Active Transport:
&
Osmosis
Thus, far we have talked about
the movement of __________
Small
particles traveling across the
membrane.
However, __________
Large
particles
are able to cross to and do so by
any of these four active transport
processes:
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Phagocytosis
Root
Greek or Latin
meaning
Endo-
inside, within
Exo-
external, out
Phago-
eat
Pino-
drink
Endocytosis vs Exocytosis:
BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY
Large particles are transported across the
membrane in membrane bound vesicles.
Endocytosis:
• The process where a cell surrounds
and takes _____
in material from its
environments.
• The particle does not pass through
the membrane, it is simply __________
engulfed
and enclosed
Exocytosis:
• The reverse process where
materials are ______________
expelled
or secreted from a cell.
• This is used to ____________
rid wastes
and secreted substances
(hormones) produced by the
cell.
• When exocytosis is getting
rid of cell wastes, the process
is called ___________
excretion
• When exocytosis is pushing
useful substances out of the
cell, then the process is
known as ____________
secretion
Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis
Both take materials
IN
Pinocytosis:
(DRINKS)
• Pinocytosis is when the cell ________.
pinches
• Pinocytosis deals with __________.
liquids
• Pinocytosis is a process that is
happening all of the time.
• The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”,
formed by invagination of the plasma
membrane. These vesicles then move
into the cell.
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
:
• Phagocytosis is when the cell _______
engulfs
• Phagocytosis deals with _________.
solids
• Once the vesicle has formed, it travels
into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with
___________
lysosome that will kill and digest the
engulfed material.
• Phagocytosis is process the human
body uses to destroy dead or foreign
_______.
cells
Phagocytosis
Used by white blood cells to
engulf bacteria or infected cells
Phagocytosis movie
Phagocytosis 2 movie