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Transcript
Introducing Cell Transport Cell Transport Concentration Gradient Concentration – The amount of solute in a solution Gradient – A measure of how much something changes when you move from one region to another. Put ‘em together and what do you get? Concentration Gradient - measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another. Passive Transport Passive Transport – Molecules moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration. No energy needed Diffusion The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. Equilibrium – Concentration is equal throughout solution. Diffusion Animation Osmosis The movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration Osmosis Hypertonic: Water diffuses out of cell (Cell Shrinks) Hypotonic: Water diffuses into cell (Cell swells) Isotonic: Equal rate of water diffusion into and out of the cell (Cell Stays the Same) http://staff.jccc.net/aalarabi/memb_related_mov.htm Facilitated Diffusion A form of diffusion facilitated by transport Proteins also known as carrier proteins Facilitated Diffusion http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_fa cilitated_diffusion_works.html Active Transport Active Transport: The Transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its gradient Requires Energy ( usually ATP) http://staff.jccc.net/aalarabi/memb_related_mov.htm Sodium/Potassium Pump Bulk Transport Endocytosis- The movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle Cell membrane forms pouch around substance and then pinches off Bulk Transport Exocytosis- The movement of substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell Vesicles fuse with cell membrane Cells Must Be Small All substances that enter or leave the cell must cross that cell’s surface Small cells can exchange substances better than large cells They don’t have to travel as far to reach the center Cell Size: Surface Area To volume