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Transcript
Facilitated Diffusion & active transport Facilitated Diffusion • Integral proteins help molecules through membrane. • 3 characteristics – No energy is used – Specific – May become saturated • Example: glucose Hint: “integral” means a part of, integral proteins go through the plasma membrane (also called transmembrane proteins). Perpherial proteins are only on the surface of the membrane.) Glucose molecules entering a cell using facilitated diffusion. Active Transport • Need to move molecules up a concentration gradient. • Uses cellular energy in from of ATP. Think: why does the cell need to use energy to pump the yellow balls out? Think about the concentration gradient… is it moving “uphill” or “downhill”? Ions moving across membrane by active transport. Active Transport: Coupled Channels • Molecule that is needed in the cell is moved through protein with another substance. • Na diffuses back into cell allowing second molecule through. Coupled channel. Hint: Find Na on your periodic table – what is it? Active Transport: Proton Pump • Hydrogen ions (H+) are actively pumped out of a cell • Diffusion causes H+ ions to return through a protein. • When H+ returns ATP is produced. • Chemiosmosis (part of photosynthesis and respiration) Chemiosmosis. Hint: take another look at your periodic table. What is a hydrogen atom without an electron? Endocytosis Vs Exocytosis • Endocytosis: • Cells form a vesicle to move large solid materials into the cell. • Exocytosis: • Cells moving large materials out of the cell. Hint: when have we used the prefixes ‘endo’ and ‘exo’ before? Look at our Latin roots. Two types of endocytosis • Phagocytosis – Solid objects moved into the cell. (“phago” mean to eat.) • Pinocytosis: – Liquids moved into the cell. (“pino” means to drink) Summary should be at least 4 sentences. 1. Name 3 features of facilitated diffusion. 2. Name 2 ways active transport is different than passive transport. 3. How do cells get large objects inside? What does Garfield have wrong about osmosis?