Download Cells (Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic)

Cells (Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic)

There are two types of
cells Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
 Prokaryotes cells that
lack membrane-bound
organelles. Bacteria
are the only organism
to have prokaryotic
cells.
Prokaryote Cell
A prokaryotic cell does not have internal organelles
surrounded by a membrane. Most of a prokaryote’s
metabolism takes place in the cytoplasm.
2. DNA
1. Ribosomes
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3. Plasma membrane
4. Cell wall
Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have a
higher level of
complexity.
 Eukaryotic Cells
contain organelles that
are bound by
membranes.
 All cells other than
bacteria are
Eukaryotic cells
This eukaryotic cell from an animal has distinct
membrane-bound organelles that allow different parts
of the cell to perform different functions.
1. Nucleus
2. Nucleolus
3. Chromosomes
4. Plasma membrane
5. Organelles
Components of Cells

Cell Membrane functions as semipermeable barrier.
Allowing a few
molecules across it
while fencing the
majority of organically
produced chemicals
inside the cell.
Cell Walls

The Cell Wall is a
structure surrounding
the cell membrane.
 Cell Walls contains
cellulose that makes
the cells more ridged.
 Plants and Plant-liked
organisms have cell
walls
The Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is
defined as the material
between the cell
membrane and the
nucleus of a cell.
 A semi-gel fluid that
helps moves
substances in a cell.
Organelles

Organelles are formed
bodies within the
cytoplasm that
perform certain
functions in a cell.
 Examples include:
nucleus, ribosomes,
endoplasmic
reticulum,
mitochondria.
Nucleus /Nucleolus/Nuclear
membrane or envelope

The nucleus controls
the functions of the
cells
 The nucleus is found
only in eukaryotic cells.
 The nucleolus found in
the nucleus is where
nucleotides are
constructed, begins the
assembly of ribosomes.
Nuclear membrane (con’t)

The nuclear membrane
or sometimes called
the nuclear envelope is
a double-membrane
structure.. Numerous
pores occur in the
envelope, allowing
RNA and other
chemicals to pass, but
not DNA.
Chromosomes



Chromosomes are
found in the nucleus.
They may appear as
“Xs”.
Chromosomes contain
the hereditary material
of DNA which control
all cell activities.
Chromosomes are able
to replicate or
reproduce.
Centrioles

Play a major role in
cell reproduction only
found in animal cells.
 Generally only seen
during cell division
 May look like a long
cylindrical asterisk in
most models
Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is a
network of protein
filaments that helps
the cell to maintain its
shape. The
cytoskeleton is also
involved in
movement.
Vacuoles

Vacuoles are usually a
storage area and
recycling site.
 Vacuoles usually
appear larger in plant
cells than in animal
cell.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Ribosomes

Ribosomes are the
sites of protein
synthesis
 Some ribosomes are
free floating some are
attach to endoplasmic
reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum




Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough ER Serves the function of
storing and transporting proteins.
Rough ER is so named because of its
rough appearance due to the
numerous ribosomes that occur along
the ER.
Smooth ER contains collections of
enzymes that perform tasks such as
synthesizing membrane lipids and the
detoxifications of drugs. Named
because it does not have ribosomes
attached to it
Mitochondria

Mitochondria function
as the sites of energy
production.
 The mitochondria has
been termed the
“powerhouse” of the
cell.
Golgi Apparatus

Golgi bodies are
flattened stacks of
membrane-bound sacs
(looks likes pancakes).
 They function as a
packaging plant, for
carbohydrates and
proteins.
Lysosomes

Lysosomes are the
“disposal units” of
cells
 Lysosomes
function in the
extracellular
breakdown of
materials.
 Generally found
only in animal
cells.
Plastids (Chloroplast,
Leucoplast, & Chromoplasts)

Chloroplast - are the
sites of photosynthesis
in eukaryotes.
 They contain
chlorophyll , the green
pigment necessary for
photosynthesis
Leucoplast

Leucoplast- stores
starch.
 Leucoplast are most
likely found in the
roots tissue of most
plant. Example: potato
Chromoplast

Stores pigments
associated with the
bright colors of
flowers and or fruits.
Cilia & Flagella

Cilia and Flagella are
similar except for
length, cilia being
much shorter (hairlike). Flagella are long
whip-like.
 Both are responsible
for movement.
Cilia on a paramecium
Flagella on a Euglena