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Transcript
Bio102 Problems Cells and Organelles 1. In the blank provided, write the name of one cell structure or region that is accurately described by the statement. a. Contains the thylakoid membrane b. Site of amino acid polymerization c. Prevents enzymes from leaving the cell d. Provides shape and structure to animal cells e. The fluid outside of all organelles f. Contains DNA and ribosomes ______Chloroplast_______ _______Ribosome__________ ______Plasma Membrane_______ ______Cytoskeleton_________ _______Cytosol____________ _______Mitochondria or Chloroplast 2. The Cell Theory states that A. as an organism gets larger, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases. B. energy can neither be created nor destroyed. C. cells can arise by spontaneous generation if the G value is favorable. D. prokaryotic cells never contain membrane-bound organelles. E. all cells come from pre-existing cells. 3. Which one of the following is NEVER found in a prokaryotic cell? A. DNA B. Ribosome C. Cell Membrane D. Mitochondria E. Flagella 4. Which structure is “semi-autonomous”? A. Ribosome B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast E. Cell wall 5. The Endosymbiont Theory is supported by all of the following observations EXCEPT A. mitochondria have their own DNA. B. mitochondria have a cell wall, like prokaryotic cells. C. mitochondria are approximately the same size as a prokaryotic cell. D. mitochondria have two membranes. 6. Which one of the following limits the size of a prokaryotic cell? A. The lack of mitochondria B. C. D. E. The surface area-to-volume ratio The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Cell Theory 7. Which of the following amazing discoveries would be a violation of the Cell Theory? A. The discovery of an organism that emerges from nonliving rocks. B. The discovery that life existed on Mars ten million years ago. C. The discovery of an organism that has no organelles in its cells. D. The discovery that mitochondria evolved from other intracellular organelles, not prokaryotes. E. The discovery of an organism at the bottom of the ocean that lives without oxygen. 8. Which one of the following is NOT an organelle? A. Mitochondria B. Lysosome C. Golgi Complex D. Cytoskeleton E. Nucleus 9. Which organelle has three membranes? A. Lysosome B. Mitochondria C. Vacuole D. Chloroplast E. No organelle has three membranes 10. Which one of these structures is NEVER found in a prokaryotic bacterial cell? A. Phospholipids B. Ribosome C. Plasma membrane D. DNA E. Golgi complex 11. Circle every statement in the list below that is part of the Cell Theory. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred. The three-dimensional structure of a protein determines the function of that protein. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells. Membrane proteins are found embedded in a phospholipid layer and can move laterally. Each allele separates from its partner into one of the gametes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from an endosymbiotic relationship. In every energy conversion, the overall level of entropy in the universe increases. All cells come from cells. Prokaryotic cells lack organelles. Cells are the smallest living unit. 12. Five statements are shown in the left column below. For each statement, indicate which cell structure or structures it accurately describes. There may be more than one correct answer for each blank: list all that apply. A. Cell Membrane B. Cell Wall Contains more than one _C F ___ membrane ___J____ Site of triglyceride synthesis ___BH___ Has no membrane ___B____ Provides rigid support for the cell ___ HI ___ Site of peptide bond synthesis ___ABH__ May be found in a prokaryote C. Chloroplast D. Golgi Body E. Lysosome F. Mitochondria G. Nucleus H. Ribosome I. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum J. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 13. In biology, an idea that is consistently supported by the results of many experiments is referred to as A. a law. B. a theory. C. a hypothesis. D. an observation. E. a fact. 14. Horace is a young biology major who has found a living organism in a drop of water from the DuPage River. Examining this organism under the microscope, he determines that the entire organism is composed of only one cell and this cell has a cell membrane and a cell wall. A few other experiments quickly show that it contains ribosomes and DNA. Is this organism a prokaryote, eukaryote, or do we not have enough information yet to tell? Please explain your answer. We don’t yet have enough information to tell. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain a plasma membrane, ribosomes and DNA. All prokaryotes and many eukaryotes have a cell wall and may be found as a single-cell organism. 15. Match the organelle on the left with the smaller structure found within it. Select the one best answer per blank. A. Cytosol B. Lysosome ___C___ Mitochondria C. Matrix __E____ Rough ER D. Nucleolus __F____ Chloroplast E. Ribosome F. Thylakoid Space G. Vesicle 16. The cell wall is responsible for … A. controlling the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. B. the structure of the nuclear pore. C. the rigid structure outside of the cell membrane. D. synthesis of the cytoskeleton. E. decreasing the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell. 17. The thylakoid lumen is part of which structure? A. Chloroplast B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) C. Mitochondria D. Golgi apparatus E. Cell wall 18. The thylakoid lumen is found within A. chloroplasts. B. the Golgi apparatus. C. the nucleus. D. mitochondria. E. none of these. 19. The diameter of an average mitochondrion might be approximately … A. 0.1 m. B. 1 m. C. 10 m. D. 100 m. E. 1,000 m. 20. List two different pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts. They contain multiple membranes and prokaryotic-like DNA. 21. Name the one organelle or cell structure described by each statement below. Cell wall Smooth ER Vesicle Cytosol An extracellular structure that provides structure and stability to most cells. The site of triglyceride synthesis. A temporary, membrane-bound sac used for transport between organelles. The area of the cell that is outside of all the organelles.