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Download CNH Unit 1 Power Point cell membrane, transport, cell processes
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Transcript
Cell Membrane • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pfu1DE9PK2w • The cell membrane is fluid because the parts in the cell membrane are fluid, which means the parts move. • A mosaic is a work of art made by bits of glass put together to make an image and a cell membrane is like a mosaic because it has many pieces that are also fluid. Hence, the cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic model. Three Parts of Cell Membrane • Label the following parts of the cell membrane pictured below: • hydrophilic (attracted to water) heads • hydrophobic (repelled by water) tails • membrane transport protein. Hydrophilic head (polar) Hydrophobic tails (nonpolar) Membrane Transport Protein Cell Transport • Picture showing diffusion in a cell Cell Transport https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSS3EtKAzYc Hypertonic Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the cell than cell’s surrounding environment. Isotonic Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the cell. Hypotonic Water moves into the cell and the contents inside the cell expand because there was less water in the in the cell than the cell’s surrounding environment. Cell Membrane • Decide if the heads or tails of the cell membrane are positioned to point towards or away from the watery environment, explain why, and explain how this positioning will help the cell? • The heads are positioned to point towards the watery environment. • The heads are polar and are attracted to water so the heads face the watery environment. • The tails are positioned to point away from the watery environment • The tails are nonpolar and are repelled by water so the tails turn away from the watery environment. • THIS ALLOWS THE CELL MEMBRANE TO BE SELECTIVELY SEMI-PERMEABLE, ALLOWING THE PASSAGE OF MATERIALS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL. Cell Transport https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DtgI7k1l9s Passive Transport Active Transport Concentrated Gradient High to Low Low to High Requires ATP (energy) No Yes Diffusion (spread out) Yes No Osmosis (water only) Yes No Facilitated Diffusion Yes No Endocytosis No Yes Exocytosis No Yes Sodium Potassium Pump No Yes Cell Transport Endocytosis 2/3 types 1 Phagocytosis (fragments of organic matter ex bacteria white blood cells and lysosome) 2 Pinocytosis (liquid particles only) Exocytosis Form of active transport Yes Yes Uses a vesicle Yes Yes Removes large waste molecules to maintain homeostasis No Yes Takes in nutrients to maintain homeostasis Yes No Yes Yes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuD mvlbpjHQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AneP ocfJqWk Helps a cell to maintain Homeostasis • Homeostasis is when an organism is able to maintain a stable internal environment even when external conditions change. Homeostasis Negative Feedback Loop • Sweating or Thermoregulation • Dogs Panting Homeostasis Positive Feed Back Loop Shiver – muscles shake to create body heat to prevent hypothermia. Plant Cell Energy • • • • • • • • • • autotrophs Producers Plants Electromagnetic Radiation from the sun aka light energy Chemical Reaction Photosynthesis 666 It’s a blast to be a chloroplast because you’re full of chlorophyll The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplast Chlorophyll is a pigment not an organelle Energy Change in Photosynthesis • Light Energy changes to Chemical Energy Affects on Photosynthesis • Light intensity • CO2 levels • Temperature Cellular Respiration Energy • Cellular respiration changes chemical energy (glucose) into useable energy (ATP) for cellular work/activities. • Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Energy Change in Cellular Respiration • Chemical Energy (glucose) to Chemical Energy (ATP) Cellular Respiration Energy • ATP is Adenosine TriPhosphate, • ATP is used by cells so that cells do “work” • Comparable to gasoline for a car Cell that do Photosynthesis to make Energy • Prokaryotes (euglena, alga) & Autotrophic Eukaryotes (Plants) Cell that do Respiration to use Energy • All Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Photosynthesis Reaction 3 Inputs (reactants) for photosynthesis 2 outputs (products) from photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Reaction Just Reverse Photosynthesis and put ATP as a product 2 inputs (reactants) 3 outputs (products) Cell Energy • The Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cycle Chloroplast makes the Glucose Mitochondrion turns the glucose into energy (ATP) Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Stores Energy • Both processes store energy in chemical bonds. Mitosis • original somatic cell has 46 • Final 2 cells after mitosis also have 46 chromosomes 46 46 46