Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Transformation
Document related concepts
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cell Transformation During transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell, and the external DNA becomes a part of the cell’s DNA Bacterial DNA Recombinant DNA/plasmid Quick Review Different enzymes can be used to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA. Characteristics produced by the segments of DNA may be expressed when these segments are inserted into new organisms, such as bacteria. Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter genes. (mutations) An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. Transforming Bacteria Bacteria can be transformed using recombinant DNA. Foreign DNA joins to a small circular DNA called a plasmid, which are naturally found in some bacteria. It serves as a bacterial origin of replication (it will be replicated if it gets inside the bacteria cell) It has a genetic marker (a gene that is distinguishable between bacteria with/without the foreign DNA) http://www.dnai.org/text/mediashowcase/index2.html?id=549 Figure 13-9 Making Recombinant DNA Section 13-3 Recombinant DNA Gene for human growth hormone Gene for human growth hormone Human Cell Bacterial Cell Bacterial chromosome Plasmid Go to Section: Sticky ends DNA recombinatio n DNA insertion Bacterial cell for containing gene for human growth hormone http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/TeachingResources/Applications/ GMOpkgJKloseGLampard2.swf Transforming Plant Cells In nature, there’s a bacteria that can insert plasmid into plant cells, producing tumors. Scientists use this same bacteria, but insert foreign DNA, producing a recombinant plasmid that can infect plants. OR, DNA can be injected into some cells. OR, scientists can remove the cell wall and allow plant cells to take up the DNA on their own http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/TeachingResources/Applications/GMOpkgJKloseGLampard2 .swf Transforming Plant Cells Either way, if transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell, the cell can be cultured (to make more cells) to produce adult plants. Transforming Animal Cells DNA can be injected into egg cells and enzymes in the cell will insert the foreign DNA into the chromosomes of that cell. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla yer_embedded&v=YXPnQvcqHkg#! Are They “Designer” Scientists? Scientists can insert foreign DNA that will recombine with specific sequences in a host chromosome, “knocking out” or replacing the host gene with a new gene. Used to study specific functions of genes, possibly treat disorders caused by single genes (gene therapy), or possibly design babies, etc…
